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Chapter 1 Review Questions
1. a) Give one example of a producer and one example of a consumer.
b) What is the difference between them?
2. a) What is an ecosystem?
b) What is the difference between an aquatic ecosystem and a terrestrial
ecosystem?
c) Give an example of each type of ecosystem.
3. State whether each of the following statements are true or false.
a) Productivity is the energy of producers that is available to consumers.
b) The total dry mass of plant or animal matter is its biomass.
c) A rabbit and a cow are in different trophic levels.
d) The carrying capacity is the lowest population of a species that can live in
a particular environment.
e) A flood that drowns most of the animals of species X in an area is an
example of density-dependent population regulation.
4. a) By what means does energy move from the sun to grass?
b) How does it move from grass to fox?
c) What percentage is typically given off from one trophic level to the next?
5. In a study area, there are 558 of species A, and 7 of species B.
a) Which species is most likely to be an herbivore, and which is most likely to be a
carnivore?
b) How do you know?
6. Only about 10% of the energy in the food that is eaten by a consumer is
available to the next consumer in a food chain. What happens to the remaining
energy in the food chain?
7. If you eat a meal with a mass of 300g, you do not increase your mass by the
same amount. Explain why.
8. Suppose that there is a transfer of 10 percent of biomass at each link in
the following food chain:
phytoplankton --> zooplankton --> small fish --> medium fish --> tuna --> human
What biomass of the phytoplankton is required to supply a human family with 1kg
of tuna for dinner? (i.e. put 1 kg for human and work backword)
9. a) What is intraspecific competition? Give an example.
b) What is interspecific competition? Give an example.
10. Decide if each example is a density-dependept or density-independent factor:
a) Forest Fire
b) Food shortage
c) Volcanic eruption
d) Aggression and competition
e) Disease
11. Brewer's yeast is a micro-organism that produces ethyl alcohol as a waste
product of its metabolism. It is used to make beer and wine. Suppose that a wine
maker adds 500 brewer's yeast cells to a vat of grape juice. Every 15 minutes, the
organism doubles.
a) Create a table for 3 hours.
b) How many cells are present after 3h?
c) What do you think will limit the growth of this yeast population?
d) Is the factor you named in your answer to part b) density dependant or
density independent?
12. a) Is it a more efficient use of the sun’s energy for people to eat vegeatables,
beef or salmon? b) Explain your answer and draw a food chain for each choice.
13. Describe two ways you might increase the carrying capacity of a backyard
ecosystem for birds.
14. The diagram below shows a food web in the Antarctic Ocean.
a) Why might a decline in the population of baleen whales lead to an increase
in the populations of seals, penguins, and krill-eating fish?
b) What might happen to the other species if the populations of baleen
whales increased but the population of krill stayed the same? Explain your
answer.
c) Draw one food chain from this food web.
d) If the plankton were gone from this web, what would happen? Is this
worse than the baleen whales being gone? Explain.
e) If the baleen whales were gone would the biodiversity be greater or less?
Why?
15. The productivity of different ecosystems varies.
a) What is the best type of ecosystem for productivity? What makes it
so good?
b) What is the worst type?
16. Explain what is meant by biomagnification. What happens in the following
food chain if DDT was eaten by the minnow?
Algae  minnow  tuna  human
17. What are the three types of ecological pyramids? What units are used in
each?
18. What trophic level is at the bottom of each pyramid?
19. Circle the carrying capacity in each graph.
a)
b)
c)
d)
20. Our human population has tripled. According to what we know of other
species, this means we are overpopulated. What could happen to the human
race? Give specific reasons for this.
21. Why has the human population tripled?
22. Give a reason why monocultures are good. Give a reason why monocultures
are not good.
23. Where does all of our energy come from?
24. Draw a food chain with 4 links.
a) Label it in terms of trophic levels.
b) Label it in terms of producers, primary consumers, etc.
c) Label it in terms of plants, herbivores, carnivores, top carnivores.
d) Why do the arrows go a certain way?
25. Determine if each factor is biotic or abiotic.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Food shortage
Aggression
Hurricane
Water
Soil
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
Sunlight
Wind
Increased producers
Increased predators
Decrease in prey
The Carbon Cycle
1. Complete the paragraph:
The two basic life processes involved in the carbon cycle are
____________________ and ____________________. Both plants and
animals perform ____________________, but only plants carry on
____________________.
During photosynthesis, green plants take ____________________ and
____________________from the atmosphere. Using the energy from the
____________________, water molecules break down and the hydrogen atoms
from the water combine with the CO2 to form ____________________
(C6H12O6). The oxygen from the water molecules is given off into the
____________________. The carbohydrates made during photosynthesis help
make other organic compounds (compounds with carbon in them). Plant-eating
animals use these organic compounds to grow, move, reproduce and perform other
life activities. These animals, in turn, are eaten by other animals who use the same
compounds.
During cellular respiration, ________________ and ______________ are
reactants. As a result, ____________________ is given off into the
atmosphere. When plants and animals die the organic compounds in them break
down. Fossil fuels also give off ____________________ into the atmosphere
when they are burned.
2. Complete the table below by choosing true or false:
Type of
Cellular
Organism
Respiration
Producer
Photosynthesis
Takes
Takes in
Gives
Gives off
in CO2
O2
off CO2
O2
Primary
Consumer
Secondary
Consumer
Tertiary
Consumer
Decomposer
3. On a separate piece of paper, sketch a diagram of the carbon cycle and label
the following (Some labels may be used more then once):

Producers
Consumers
Decomposers

Dead organisms/waste
Photosynthesis

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Cellular respiration
The Nitrogen Cycle
4. Complete the paragraph:
____________________% of the atmosphere is nitrogen. The nitrogen
cycle involves green plants, animals and several kinds of bacteria. Nitrogen gas,
which is unusable by most living organisms, is fixed during the process of
____________________ by bacteria called ____________________. (In
aquatic environments, this bacteria is called ____________________). This
process turns the nitrogen gas into ____________________. Plant roots then
absorb this from the soil (or water) and use them to make
____________________ and ________________. Animals get proteins by
eating other animals or plants. Animals do not use all the proteins; some are
broken down and released as waste, which contains nitrogen in the form of
____________________. Then, ____________________ bacteria in the soil or
water break down these compounds even further and make them into
____________________ to be usable by plants again. Bacteria also break down
dead organisms. Nitrogen from a decaying organism’s protein combines with
hydrogen to form ____________________. This form of nitrogen is actually
poisonous to most plants and animals. Since it cannot be absorbed by plants,
____________________ bacteria convert it into ____________________, a
useable form of nitrogen for plants. Sometimes, though, these nitrates are turned
back into ____________________ and released into the atmosphere to complete
the cycle. This is called ____________________ and it is carried out by
____________________ bacteria.
5. List the three main processes in the Nitrogen Cycle.
a) _________________________________________________
b) _________________________________________________
c) _________________________________________________
d)
6. On a separate piece of paper, draw and label the nitrogen cycle using the
following terms (Terms can be used more than once):

Nitrogen gas, ammonium and nitrates

Nitrogen fixation and nitrogen fixing bacteria (Rhizobium and cyanobacteria)

Denitrification and dentrifying bacteria

Nitrification and nitrifying bacteria

Producers, consumers and decomposers
Science 10 Review for Test on Chemistry
The Basics
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What are the 3 subatomic particles?
What subatomic particle has a positive charge?
What subatomic particle has a negative charge?
What subatomic particle has no charge?
What subatomic particle(s) is found inside the nucleus?
What subatomic particle(s) is found outside the nucleus?
7. What subatomic particle(s) has no mass?
8. What subatomic particle(s) has mass?
9. What is the difference between an ion and an atom?
10. What is an isotope?
11. For each atom, complete the table using your periodic table.
Element
Element
Atomic
Atomic
Number
Name
Symbol
Number
Mass
of Protons
Number
Number
of
of
Electrons
Neutrons
Carbon
3
1
Pb
20
12. Isotopes
For each isotope, complete the table using your periodic table.
Isotope
atomic
mass
# of
# of
# of
symbol
#
#
protons
neutrons
electrons
17
17
35
Cl
30
Cl
1
1 H
2
1 H
13. True or False. If it is false, explain why.
a) Protons always equal electrons.
__________________
b) Protons always equal neutrons.
__________________
c) The atomic mass is found in the nucleus.
__________________
Ions or Atoms
14. For each ion or atom, complete the table using your periodic table. Decide if
each is a cation, anion or atom. Remember, for a nuclear symbol you must include
all relevant numbers.
Nuclear Symbol
40
18
Charge
p+
2+
4
n0
9
Ar
5
0
80
35
e-
2
Si
Br 1
Trends
15. What is a valence shell?
16. What is a valence electron?
6
Cation, Anion, or
Atom
17. The periods on the table indicate the number of _________________.
18. The groups on the table indicate the number of _______________.
19. The transition metals are found where on the periodic table?
20. The noble gases are what group?
21. The alkaline earth metals are what group?
22. What is the family name for group 1?
23. What is the family name for group 17?
24. La is part of what period?
25. Ac is part of what period?
26. An ionic bond is formed between a ____________________ and a
________________.
27. Some groups do not have family names. Name an element in a group without
a family name.
28. Where are the metalloids found on the periodic table? Give an example.
29. Where are the metals found on the periodic table? Give an example.
30. Where are the non-metals found on the periodic table? Give an example.
31. The atomic weight of manganese is ________________.
32. The atomic weight of helium is ___________________.
33. Why is Helium special?
34. Why is Hydrogen in its own family?
35. How many valence electrons does Cl have?
36. Draw a Bohr diagram for Cl.
37. Draw an electron dot diagram for Cl.
38. How many valence electrons does Li have?
39. Draw a Bohr diagram for Li.
40. Draw an electron dot diagram for Li.
41. How many valence electrons does C have?
42. Draw a Bohr diagram for C.
43. Draw an electron dot diagram for C.
44. How many valence electrons does P have?
45. Draw a Bohr diagram for P.
46. Draw an electron dot diagram for P.
47. How many valence electrons does Mg have?
48. Draw a Bohr diagram for Mg.
49. Draw an electron dot diagram for Mg.
50. What ion will K form?
51. What ion will Mg form?
52. What ion will Br form?
53. What ion will Al form?
54. What ion will S form?
55. Will He form an ion? Why or why not?
56. Will Xe form an ion? Why or why not?
57. Will Ca form a cation or anion?
58. Will Se form a cation or anion?
59. Will I form a cation or anion?
60. Will Cs form a cation or anion?
61. Name an element that could become a cation or an anion.
62. Most elements on the periodic table are (solids, liquids, or gases) _________
63. Most metals are (solids, liquids, or gases) _________
64. Most non-metals are (solids, liquids, or gases) _________
65. Metalloids are found where on the table? _________________
66. What is a metalloid?
67. Give an example of a metalloid.
68. List 3 properties of metals.
69. List 3 properties of non-metals.
70. List 3 properties of metalloids.
Ionic and Covalent Bonds
71. a) Show me how aluminum and bromine would make a compound (draw the
electron dot diagrams for the elements and use arrows to show the transfer).
b) How many aluminum atoms are needed? _________________
c) How many bromine atoms are needed? ____________________
d) What would the compound’s name be?
_______________________________
e) What would the compound’s formula be? _________________________
72. Why is argon not likely to form a compound with another element?
73. Covalent bonds occur between a ________________ and a ______________.
74. Which of the following would make ionic bonds? HOW DO YOU KNOW?
a) Na and Cl
b) H and Cl
c) Na and F
d) Al and H
e) N and F
f) H and O
g) C and S
h) Be and S
75. Which of the following would make covalent bonds?
a) Li and C
b) C and H
c) N and I
d) K and O
e) Mg and O
f) O and C
g) N and F
h) Al and P
HOW DO YOU KNOW?
76. Metals become (cation or anion).
________________
77. Non-metals become (cation or anion).
________________
78. Page 176/177, questions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 25
79. Page 154, question 5, 6, 7
80. What is an electrolyte? How can you tell if a compound will be an electrolyte?
81. Page 166, question 3.
82. Page 208/209: 1, 3, 4*, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12a, 13, 14
83. Page 238/239: 3*, 8, 17, 20, 21