Download PRESENT TENSE—I love, I warn, I rule, I hear

Nouns, Verbs and Their Translations-NLE I
PRESENT TENSE—I love, I warn, I rule, I hear
root vowel is specially important here: ā, ē, e, ī
amo
moneo
rego
amas
mones
regis
amat
monet
regit
amamus
monemus
regimus
amatis
monetis
regitis
amant
monent
regunt
FUTURE TENSE—I will love, etc.
[vowels: I O U in the future; A & E but no B]
amabo
monebo
regam
amabis
monebis
reges
amabit
monebit
reget
amabimus
monebimus
regemus
amabitis
monebitis
regetis
amabunt
monebunt
regent
audio
audis
audit
audimus
auditis
audiunt
IMPERFECT TENSE—WKUB—I was/kept loving, I used/began to love, etc.
BAck in the past
amabam
monebam
regebam
audiebam
amabas
monebas
regebas
audiebas
amabat
monebat
regebat
audiebat
amabamus
monebamus
regebamus
audiebamus
amabatis
monebatis
regebatis
audiebatis
amabant
monebant
regebant
audiebant
audiam
audies
audiet
audiemus
audietis
audient
PERFECT TEST—I loved, I have loved, I did love, etc.
Root change—long vowl; -s-, -u-, -v-, -x-; 3rd conj. always unpredictable
amavi
monui
rexi
audivi
amavisti
monuisti
rexisti
audivisti
amavit
monuit
rexit
audivit
amavimus
monuimus
reximus
audivimus
amavistis
monuistis
rexistis
audivistis
amaverunt
monuerunt
rexerunt
audiverunt
INFINITIVES: AMĀRE, MONĒRE, REGERE, AUDĪRE
IMPERATIVES: amā, amāte; monē, monēte; rege, regite; audī, audīte
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1ST DECLENSION
mostly feminine
Nom
regina reginae
Gen
reginae reginarum
Dat
reginae reginīs
Acc
reginam reginas
Abl
reginā reginīs
Voc
2nd DECLENSION
3rd DECLENSION—ROOT CHANGE ALERT!
masculine
neuter (…um…aah)
m. & f. –same
neuter
dominus
dominī
bellum
bella
rex
regēs
nomen
nomina
dominī
dominōrum bellī
bellorum
regis
regum
nominis nominum
dominō
dominīs
bello
bellīs
regi
regibus
nomini
nominibus
dominum
dominos
bellum
bella
regem regēs
nomen
nomina
dominō
dominīs
bello
bellīs
rege
regibus
nomine
nominibus
domine (Cornelī)
TRANSLATION
name/s
Nom
of the name/’s/names’ Gen
to the name/s
Dat
name/s
Acc
by the name/s
Abl
O, Name/s!
Voc
Nominative—subject, predicate nominative or adjective Genitive—shows possession/possessive noun adjective Dative—indirect object—often found with
verbs of giving, telling and showing
Accusative—direct object/used after most prepositions
Ablative—used after SID SPACE prepositions;
NIAWAPs tell time—in/at (brevī tempore, nocte) how/by means of/with (baculō, magnā vōce, stīlō, tubā) Vocative—used in direct address (Marcē, Iulī, Cornelia)
IRREGULAR VERB ESSE
Present Tense (am, is, are) Imperfect Tense (was/were) Future Tense(will be)
sum
sumus
eram
eramus
ero
erimus
es
estis
eras
eratis
eris
eritis
est
sunt
erat
erant
erit
erunt
EXTRAS
PRONOUNS
Nom
Dat
Acc
Abl
I
ego
mihi
mē
mē
you(s)
tu
tibi
tē
tē
we
nōs
nobīs
nōs
nobīs
you (pl)
vōs
vobīs
vōs
vobīs
Perfect Tense(have/has been = was/were)
fui
fuimus
fuisti
fuistis
fuit
fuerunt
ADJECTIVES – agree with the nouns they modify in gender, number and case.
– most of the adjectives you will find on the exam borrow endings from nouns
from the 1st or 2nd declenstions. We call these 2-1-2 adjectives.
To make an adverb from a 2-1-2 adjective, add Ē to the root: e.g. laetē = happily
REALLY SERIOUSLY HIGH CLASS THINGS ABOUT
NOUNS, VERBS, ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS FOR NLE LEVEL II!!
PASSIVE—Present—I am loved; Imperfect—I used to be loved;
Future—I shall be loved. English helping verb—to be;
Latin forms—all have –R except for 2nd p. pl. 2nd p. sing has –ris.
3rd present and future looks the same, in the 2nd p. sing—both have –eamor/regor
amabar
amabor/regar
amaris/regeris
amabaris
amaberis/regeris
amatur/regitur
amabatur
amabitur /regetur
amamur/regimur
amabamur
amabitur/regemur
amamini /regimini
amabamini
amabimini/regemini
amantur/reguntur
amabantur
amabantur/regentur
IMPERATIVE: positive: amā, amāte=Love (me)!;
negative: nolī/nolīte + present active infinitive-Nolī/te amāre=Don’t love (me)!
PERFECT TENSES—use the ppp + ESSE—I have/had/will have been loved
sum => perfect tense
eram => pluperfect tense
ero => future perfect tense
remember that the ppp is an adjective and
therefore agrees with the subject in gender
& number (and being subject, it is nom.!)
ACTIVE INFINITIVES
PASSIVE INFINITIVES
present AMĀRE—to love
AMĀRĪ—to be loved
perfect AMĀVISSE—to have loved AMĀTUM ESSE—to have been loved
future AMĀTŪRUM ESSE—to be about to love
present passive infinitives don’t all keep the –r-—amārī, monērī, regī, audīrī
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1ST DECLENSION
mostly feminine
regina
reginae
reginae
reginarum
reginae
reginīs
reginam
reginas
reginā
reginīs
2nd DECLENSION
neuter
domini
bellum
dominorum
belli
dominīs
bello
dominos
bellum
dominīs
bello
3rd DECLENSION—ROOT CHANGE ALERT!
m. & f. –same
neuter
rex
regēs
nomen nomina
regis
regum
nominis nominum
regi
regibus
nomini nominibus
regem regēs
nomen nomina
rege
regibus
nomine nominibus
masculine
(…um…aah)
dominus
bella
domini
bellorum
domino
bellīs
dominum
bella
domino
bellīs
domine (Cornelī)
Nominative—subject, predicate nominative or adjective Genitive—shows possession/possessive noun adjective, partitive Dative—indirect object—often
found with verbs of giving, telling and showing; also used with special verbs such as nocēre, appropinquare and with licet and necesse;
Accusative—
direct object/used after most prepositions/duration of time and extent of space/subject of a non-finite verb Ablative—used after SID SPACE prepositions;
NIAWAPs tell time—in/at (brevi tempore, nocte) and how/by means of/with (baculō, magnō risū)—‘WIAB’; comparison; Vocative—direct address (Sexte, mi fili)
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Don’t forget to review the 4th & 5th declension endings. Partitive genitive after nihil, (nothing), satis, (enough) quid (what), nimis (too much), pars (part)
Don’t forget numbers to 20. 18—duodeviginti, 19—undeviginti; also primus, secundus, tertius etc.
Don’t forget the meaning of hic, ille, quis/quid, qui/quae/quod, se, ego, tu, is, ea, id, nos, vos (NB is, ea, id can = ille, illa, illud)
BE SURE TO KERNEL SENTENCES WITH RELATIVE CLAUSES
Look for the question on the predicate nominative/adjective…
PARTICIPLES
1st conj. A
2nd conj. E
3rd conj. E
4th conj. IE
present
amans, amantis—loving
monens, monentis—warning
regens, regentis—ruling
audiens, audientis—hearing
perfect
amatus, -a, -um—loved;
monitus, -a, -um—warned
rectus, -a, -um—ruled
auditus, -a, -um—heard
future
amatūrus, -a, -um—going to love, about to love
monitūrus, -a, -um—going to warn, about to warn
rectūrus, -a, -um—going to rule, about to rule
auditūrus, -a, -um—going to hear, about to hear
ADVERBS
2-1-2s—tarde, tardius, tardissime;
3rd decl.—fortiter, fortius, fortissime
COMPARATIVES—fortior (m, f) fortius (n.)—more strong, stronger, rather strong, quite strong; a true comparative will be followed by quam or an abl.
fortissimus, -a, -um—very strong, most strong, strongest
ALL COMPARATIVES WORK LIKE 3RD DECL. ADJECTIVES., AND ALL SUPERLATIVES WORK LIKE 2-1-2 ADJECTIVES