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Transcript
Evolution Study Guide Biology Name: ______________________ 1. The change in the hereditary traits of a species over a period of time _________evolution_______________. 2. The ____theory of evolution__________________________ states that organisms could develop traits that they need for survival. 3. Goal of species – survive and reproduce 4. Body parts that no longer have job ______vestigial structures – evidence of common ancestry ex. Appendix 5. Individuals of different species produce infertile offspring 6. A trait that makes an individual different from others in its species ______variation__________________. 7. A change in the DNA of an organism _______mutation – can be helpful if makes the living thing better adapted 8. Evidence of once living things ______fossils___________________. 9. Catastrophism – floods and earthquakes have shaped land and caused species to go extinct 10. Uniformitarianism – geological processes that shaped Earth in the past have stayed the same throughout time. 11. Charles Darwin – developed theory of evolution 12. Choosing who will and will not survive ____natural selection____________. 13. Fossils found deeper underground are ______older and simpler____________. 14. The most complex life forms would be found in the ____top____________ layer of fossils. 15. Animals fighting over food is an example of __competition________________. 16. A white moth in a forest is eaten by an owl is an example of ____natural selection__________. 17. Ducks having webbed feet is an example of a/an ______adaptation______________. 18. Your appendix is an example of a/an _____vestigial structure___________. 19. Primate - eyes that face forward and thumbs that grasp 20. Sequence of human ancestors – Australopithecus Homo habilis Homo erectus Homo sapien 21. _____Fossils____________________ are the remains of once living things. 22. Looking at similarities between different organisms before birth is an example of ____Comparative embryology – evidence of evolution_. 23. How a new species develops - do not have to memorize steps – just understand Species are separated by a barrier (change in geography/environment) Natural selection takes place over thousands of years Individuals with more desirable traits survive and reproduce 24. Gene pool - The combined alleles of all the individuals in a population 25. Gene flow - The movement of alleles when individuals join new populations 26. Genetic drift - change in allele frequencies due to chance; results in loss of genetic diversity 27. Founder effect – genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals start a new colony 28. Bottleneck effect - genetic drift that occurs after an event drastically reduces population size.