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UNIT ONE STUDY GUIDE – RENAISSANCE (and how it was influenced by the Middle Ages) Vocabulary – see quizlet Art Terms: egg tempra, wood cut, chiaroscuro, sfumato, fresco, perspective, bas relief, free standing statues, stained glass, and flying buttresses People to Know: Michelangelo, Raphael, Da Vinci, Donatello, Botticelli, Artemisia Gentileschi, Giorgio Vasari, Cosimo Medici, Lorenzo Medici, Giovanni Medici, Charles V the Holy Roman Emperor (Hapsburg), Baldassare Castiglione, Petrarch, Christine Pisan, Erasmus, Machiavelli, Thomas More, Mirandola, Isabella D’Este, El Greco, Isabella and Ferdinand of Spain, Leonardo Bruni, Jan Van Eyck, Vermeer, Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Rembrandt, Peter Paul Rubens, Gian Bernini, Leon Battista Alberti, Pico della Mirandola, Marsilio Ficino, Francesco Guicciardini, and Jean Bodin. See vocabulary quizlet and the Renaissance People activity, (Heads Up-most of these people have either a book/writings or painting(s) you need to know about including its IMPACT on the time period) * Places, Things, and Legal Documents Peace of Lodi, Florence, Bruges, Flanders, Rome, Venice and Naples. Study Guide Questions: 1. ANALYZE HOW THE Hundred Years’ War, Black Death, and Great Schism (Avignon Papacy) led to the Renaissance. Include and define the following: vernacular writing, simony, pluralism, indulgences, Avignon Papacy, and Great Schism [Daily Questions Videos and Duncan Notes; look in your book for definitions of simony, pluralism, and indulgences] 2. STATEMENT: The revival of classical texts lead to new methods of scholarship and new values in both society and religion. Use the following to help form your answer. a. How did Italian Renaissance humanists promote a revival in classical literature and created new philological approaches to ancient texts. Discuss all four of the following in your answer. i. Petrarch (pre-1450) ii. Lorenzo Valla iii. Marsilio Ficino iv. Pico della Mirandola b. Explain how the Renaissance humanists from 2a furthered the values of secularism and individualism. c. How did the Humanist revival of Greek and Roman texts by Leonardo Bruni, Leon Battista Alberti, and Niccolo Machiavelli, and spread by the printing press, challenge the institutional power of universities and the Roman Catholic Church? d. ALSO, explain how it shifted the focus of education away from theology toward the study of classical texts. (continuation of 2c) e. Explain how the admiration for Greek and Roman political institutions supported a revival of civic humanist culture in the Italian city-states and produced secular models for individual and political behavior. Use the following people in your answers : i. Niccolo Machiavelli ii. Jean Bodin iii. Baldassare Castiglione iv. Francesco Guicciardini f. SOURCES: [Humanism Lecture - Stip & Textbook, Duncan Notes, The Prince reading handout discussion] 3. Analyze to what extent the role of women, ALL women, changed during the Renaissance. Use the Women of AP Euro handout and the Master Review Guide to provide support for your answer. [Women In Renaissance Stip Lecture] 4. STATEMENT: The visual arts incorporated new ideas of the Renaissance and were used to promote personal, political, and religious goals. Answer the following: a. Why did princes and popes commission paintings and architectural works based on classical styles which often employed the newly invented technique of geometric perspective? b. Discuss examples of the following artists and architects to prove the statement and your answer to 4a. Michelangelo, Donatello, Raphael, Andrea Palladio, Leon Battista Alberti, & Filipo Brunelleschi. Use the sample chart below. c. Suggested pieces of art and buildings to use: The Last Supper, Sistine Chapel ceiling, Michelangelo’s David, Donatello’s David, The School of Athens, the Duomo in Florence, The Last Judgment (in the Sistine Chapel), Michelangelo’s Pieta IMPACT ON THE ARTIST ARTWORK TECHNIQUES RENAISSANCE SAMPLE 5. STATEMENT: A human centered naturalism that considered individuals and everyday life appropriate objects of artistic representation was encouraged through the patronage of both princes and commercial elites- DISCUSS why and where we see this in the artwork of Raphael, Leonardo Da Vinci, Jan Van Eyck, Pieter Brueghel the Elder, and Rembrandt. a. Suggested artworks are Brueghel’s The Peasant’s Wedding, Girl With the Pearl Earring, The Arnolfini Wedding, Rembrandt’s Night Watch, Mona Lisa, The Vitruvian Man, The School of Athens 6. Mannerist and Baroque artists employed distortion, drama, and illusion in works commissioned by monarchies, city-states, and the church for public buildings to promote their stature and power. DISCUSS how they use these techniques using art from the following: a. El Greco b. Artemesia Gentileschi c. Gian Bernini d. Peter Paul Rubens. RESOURCES *Duncan’s Notes on Youtube *Suggested videos on my website – go to AP Euro Resources then Duncan’s Videos on Youtube *Renaissance Art class activity, Renaissance People class activity [Quizlet File for Ren. Ppl ] *Mr. Stip’s videos on youtube (for the Middle Ages Stuff) *Quizlet for Renaissance Vocabulary *Textbook and the review book POSSIBLE FRQ QUESTIONS – Not assigned; frequently become essay questions on tests 1. How does Humanism and ideas of the Renaissance cause the turning point in Western civilization known as the “Rebirth”? 2. Compare the Renaissance in Italy to that of Northern Europe? Discuss the factors that cause the differences. (When College Board asks you to compare they also mean to contrast. It’s implied.) 3. How did the Catholic Church lose the dominant position it had had during the medieval period in the Renaissance? 4. Did women really experience a Renaissance?