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Transcript
Ch 4 – Atoms: Building Blocks of Matter 4-2: Structure of the Atom _____________________________________ : particles smaller than an atom *Electrons, neutrons, & protons The Nucleus: “core” or center of ________________________ Contains ______________________ & _______________________ 1. ________________________________________ : positively charged particles * _______________________________ (amu): unit used to measure mass of subatomic particle *Mass of proton = _______ amu 2. __________________________: electrically neutral particles – NO charge *Mass of neutron = _____ amu Atomic Number: The number of ________________________ determines the type of atom and therefore, what element. _______________ _________________: number of protons in the nucleus *Identifies the element Ex: Hydrogen = ______ proton Oxygen = _____ protons Rev. 3/26/12 Carbon = ______ protons Nitrogen = ______ protons Page 1/4 Ch 4 – Atoms: Building Blocks of Matter Isotopes: The number of ____________________/atomic number of an element will never change The number of ___________________ can change! ______________________________: atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons Ex: Hydrogen: Isotopes: a. Protium = 1 p 0 N b. Deuterium = 1 p 1 N c. Tritium = 1 p 2 N Mass Number and Atomic Mass: _________________ __________________ : the sum of the protons and neutrons in its nucleus Ex: Carbon: Isotopes: a. 6 p + 6 n = 12 called C-12 b. 6 p + 8 n = 14 called C – 14 *To determine how many ___________________________ - look at the atomic number and its mass number Take : ______________ number - ____________ number= # of neutrons Formulas: p + n = __________ ___________________ Mass number - # of protons = # of __________________________ * ___________________ ________________ : the average mass of all the isotopes of that element as they occur in nature. Rev. 3/26/12 Page 2/4 Ch 4 – Atoms: Building Blocks of Matter The Electrons: ___________________: negatively charged particles *________________ of electron = 1/1836 amu An uncharged atom means the # of __________________ = the # of ___________________ the total charge is __________________ = neutral Electrons do not travel on a fixed path around the ______________________. _____________________ ___________________: the entire space that electrons occupy __________________ _________________: the most likely location in an electron cloud in which an electron can be found ________________ the energy , the closer the electron to the nucleus ________________ the energy, the farther away Each _______________ level can only hold a certain number of __________________. 1st level = max of 2 electrons 2nd level = max of 8 electrons 3 rd level = max of 18 electrons Electron arrangement gives an element its 1___________________ properties and 2 ability to ________________ to other elements _____________ : particle that makes up all other known particles in the nucleus of an atom. *There are different kinds of quarks *3 types of quarks = neutron *3 types of quarks = proton *Properties called “ ______________________ “ (6) and “______________” (3) Rev. 3/26/12 Page 3/4 Ch 4 – Atoms: Building Blocks of Matter 4-3 : Forces Within the Atom Four Forces that account for the behavior of subatomic particles: 1. __________________________ _____________: force of attraction or repulsion between particles in an atom. *Similar charges = _______________________________ (proton+proton) *Opposite charges = ____________________________ (proton+electron) *Electrons kept in orbit around nucleus due to attraction between _____________________+_________________________. 2. ____________________ ___________________: force that binds protons and neutrons in nucleus *glues protons together to form _________________ * strongest of all four forces, but limited range 3. ____________________ ________________: key to the power of the sun & is responsible for radioactive decay *radioactive decay - ___________________ changes into a proton & an electron 4. ____________________: the force of attraction exerted between all objects in nature *weakest of all forces Rev. 3/26/12 Page 4/4