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Download Study Guide Chapter 3 and 4: Ecosystems Mrs. Bathiany`s and Mrs
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Transcript
Study Guide Chapter 3 and 4: Ecosystems Mrs. Bathiany’s and Mrs. Young’s Class Test will be Friday, November 2nd Essential Vocabulary: biotic factor—living things in an ecosystem community—all of the populations in an ecosystem tropical rain forest—located along and near Earth’s equator, this biome is hot and humid with plenty of rainfall desert—a sandy or rocky biome with very little rainfall herbivore—animals that eat only plants abiotic factor—nonliving things in an ecosystem (water, sun, air, rocks) ecosystem—biotic and abiotic factors of an environment that work together habitat—place to live population—all the members of a species that live in an ecosystem (only one kind of animal) biome—a large ecosystem that has its own kinds of plants, animals, and soil grassland—a biome where the main kind of plant is grasses (a prairie) deciduous forest—forest with trees that lose their leaves each year, rich soil, and a warm climate taiga—a cool forest biome in the upper regions of the north tundra—a cold, dry biome without trees and little rainfall producer—organism that makes their own food using the energy in sunlight consumer—organisms who cannot make their own food decomposer—organisms that break down dead and decaying matter into wastes and simple substances (worms, bacteria, fungi) omnivore—animals that eat plants and animals carnivore—animals that eat only meat food chain—how energy is transferred between organisms food web—shows how all the food chains in an ecosystem are connected competition—the struggle between organisms for food, water, and other needs energy pyramid—a model that shows the amount of energy at each level of a food web adaptation—a trait or behavior that helps a living thing survive in tits environment camouflage—an adaptation by which an animal can hide by blending in with its surroundings mimicry—when one kind of living thing has similar traits to another tropism—the reaction of a plant to something in its environment accommodation—an individual organism’s response to changes in its ecosystem endangered—a living thing that has few of its kind left extinct—said of a kind of organism that is no longer alive on Earth deforestation—when trees and shrubs are cut down, destroying an ecosystem Essential Questions: What changes might a forest fire cause? Trees and plants destroyed, animal population will go down, changes in the soil How do plants respond to the following stimuli? Light—turn and grow towards it Gravity—roots grow down and stems Water—roots grow toward it How can camouflage help animals survive in their environment? How do plants adapt to cold winters? Some plants lose their leaves each winter, so the leaves do not die in the cold. Losing leaves also saves energy in the winter, because they do not have to photosynthesize. How is a brightly colored flower an adaptation? It helps to attract pollinators. Be able to make a land food web, like the one on page 155. Keep in mind a food web shows competition and has multiple food chains linked together. Be sure to include animals like eagle, deer, cow, fox, rabbit, mouse, snake, the grass, and sun. If a rabbit and a snail are both eating grass in an ecosystem, what relationship do they have with each other? They are competing for the resource of grass. If there are ONLY living things in an area, does that make an ecosystem? NO, an ecosystem consists of living and nonliving things. You would have to add water, air, rocks, soil, etc. Be able to describe key characteristics of biomes. Be able to recognize the flow of energy in a food chain. Producer consumer decomposer