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Ancient Rome
The Roman Army
1.
All male citizens required to serve in army, couldn’t hold
public office until one had served in the army for ten years.
2.
Legion= 4,000-6,000/ infantry & cavalry, divided in 60
smaller groups called a century.
3.
More flexible than the Greek phalanx.
Rome Creates a Balanced Government
1.
In 451 BC, laws were carved on 12 tablets and hung in the
Forum. In the end, the Twelve Tables would help settle the
conflict between the Patricians and the Plebeians.
2.
The Consul= two consuls took the place of a king; commanded
the army and directed the government. Could only serve for
one year and one could overrule (veto) the other.
3.
Assembly= all citizen-soldiers were members.
4.
Dictator= in times of crises; absolute power to make laws and
command the army, but for only 6 months.
5.
Senate= aristocratic branch; membership for life.
Rome Won Control of Italy
1.
The Gauls entered Rome and left it in ruins around 390 BC.
2.
The Romans recovered quickly and Rome would not be taken
again for around 800 years.
3.
The Greeks under Pyrrhus brought 20,000 soldiers to fight.
However, the Greeks suffer terrible losses.
The Punic Wars
st
1 Punic War
1.
Rome and Carthage would go to war for control of Sicily
around 264 BC causing the 1st Punic War.
2.
Carthage had: 3 times the population of Rome, 500
navy ships, and more resources.
3.
Rome had: a small population, no navy, and fewer resources.
4.
Carthaginian warship washed up on Italian shore. Rome
copies the design and creates a navy. Rome wins the first
two naval battles.
5.
Carthage is defeated after 23 years ending Carthage’s sea
power & Rome takes control of Sicily in 241 BC.
2nd Punic War
1.
Carthage is led by Hannibal, who creates one of the greatest
militaries of all time.
2.
He would lead his army through Spain and over the Alps.
3.
Traveled up and down the Italian Peninsula for 13 years
defeating three Roman armies.
4.
The Roman leader Scipio attacks Carthage causing Hannibal
to rush home and help.
5.
Battle of Zama= Scipio defeats Hannibal ending the 2nd
Punic War. Hannibal later kills himself to avoid capture.
3rd Punic War
1.
The Romans still hold hostilities toward Carthage.
2.
Romans completely destroyed & burned Carthage between
149-146 BC.
3.
Rome wins the Punic Wars over Carthage.