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#______
Name: ___________________________ Block:______
Learning Target: Describe the general structure, subunits, and examples for each of the four types of
macromolecules. Create models to show the arrangements of these molecules. Understand the process of
dehydration synthesis.
Task: Build, copy (draw), and complete notes at each station
1.) Carbon Skeletons:
a. Carbon has__________valence electrons (electrons in its ___________ shell)
b. That means carbon can bond to up to four other atoms!
c. It can bond in many different ways.
2.) Two Categories of molecules:
a. Inorganic molecules: _____________________________
b. Organic molecules: ______________________________
Organic molecules:
(4 main types: CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS, LIPIDS, and NUCLEIC ACIDS)
3.) Monomers and Polymers:
a. Monomers: ____________________________________
b. Polymers: _____________________________________
4.) To Build Polymers:
a. Each time a monomer is added to a chain, a water molecule is_______________.
b. This is called a ______________________________
c. Energy is required.
5.) To Break Polymers:
a. Each time a monomer is broken from a chain, a water molecule is ____________.
b. This is called a ______________________________
c. Energy is released. Cells ________________ through breaking down molecules.
6.) Assemble a disaccharide sugar (CARBOHYDRATE).
a. The building block/monomers of carbohydrates are ________________________
(one water is always_____________ from each bond site during dehydration
synthesis.)
b. Once you are sure you have a correct arrangement, sketch a picture of the pieces
down and use a marker to label it as a _________________(carbohydrate).
7.) Polysaccharide- long chain of monosaccharides.
a. Place the remaining carbohydrate monomers into a chain and anywhere that 2
pieces touch, use the triangle water to point to the bond site.
b. Simple sugars: __________________, ________________, and ______________.
c. Honors only- Types of carbohydrates:
i. Starch: __________________________________ (plants use them for energy)
ii. Glycogen: ______________________________ (animals use them for energy)
iii. Cellulose: ______________________ (animals including humans can’t digest it)
8.) Assemble an amino acid.
a. There are 4 parts attached to the central carbon atom
1. ________________________________
2. ________________________________
3. ________________________________
4. ________________________________________
9.) Assemble a PROTEIN. (Polypeptide-________________________________)
a. The building block/monomers of proteins are ____________________.
b. There are _________ different amino acids.
10.) Assemble the remaining monomers into another protein.
a. Proteins have many functions:
i. Form structures like ____________________
ii. Make muscles
iii. Provide long term ________________________
iv. Circulate in blood and defend the body
v. Act as signals to ___________________________________________
vi. Control chemical reaction in cells
b. Once you are sure you have a correct arrangement, sketch a picture of the pieces
down and use a marker to label it as a 5-monomer protein
Then, denature it (denature- _______________________________________)
11.) Assemble a LIPID.
a. Lipids are nonpolar-hydrophobic-__________________________
b. Some examples are: __________, _____________, and ___________
c. Build a triglyceride (common lipid)- 3-carbon backbone attached to 3 fatty acids.
d. The building block/monomers of all lipids are _________________. But to build a
triglyceride you will need what additional piece _________________.
e. The fatty acids attach to each of the carbons in the glycerol.
f.
Assemble a triglyceride into the correct shape, and anywhere that 2 pieces touch
use the triangle water to point to the bond site.
g. Honors Only- types of fats:
i. Saturated fat: a fat where all three fatty acid chains contain a ____________
number of H atoms. (examples: lard, butter, and animal fats)
ii. Unsaturated fat: a fat where the fatty acid chains contain
____________________________number of H atoms. (examples: fruit,
vegetable, and fish oils and fats)
iii. Saturated fats _________________________ because they fit together and
clog up blood vessels.
h. Steroids: a lipid molecule in which the carbon skeleton forms four fused rings.
i. They are lipids too because they are ______________________ (examples
are____________________, __________________, and _____________.)
12.) Assemble a NUCLEIC ACID.
a. The building block/monomers of nucleic acids are _______________________.
b. There are two main types of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA.
c. DNA: _______________________________________
d. RNA: _______________________________________
13.) Add a title & your name and class period to your paper.
14.) Please clean up after yourself. Make sure no scraps are on the floor around your desk. If
so, pick them up! Thanks
Post Lab Questions: Use your lab & macromolecule notes to answer the following questions.
1. Complete the chart:
Four types of Macromolecules
Main subunit (monomer) of each
2. What process is being shown by water being given off from each bond site? Give both
names for this process.
3. What process is used to break down macromolecules? What happens to water during that
process?