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Endocrine System Multiple Choice- How Well Can You Do?? 1 : Along with the nervous system, the ______ system coordinates the various activities of body parts. a. digestive b. endocrine c. circulatory d. respiratory e. excretory 2 : ______ are chemical messengers that are produced in one body region but affect a different body region. a. Enzymes b. Endocrines c. Neurotransmitters d. Nucleic acids e. Hormones 3 : The endocrine system is quicker than the nervous system. a. True b. False 4 : Certain cells respond to one hormone and not to another, depending on their receptors. a. True b. False 5 : Endocrine glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream for transport to target organs. a. True b. False 6 : Hormones are substances that fall into two basic categories:___________. a. stimulator hormones and receptor hormones b. proteins and sugars c. male hormones and female hormones d. non-steroid (peptide) hormones and steroid hormones e. inter-organ and inter-organismic 7 : The pituitary is located beneath the thalamus in the brain. a. True b. False 8 : The hypothalamus regulates ___________. a. heart rate b. body temperature c. water balance d. glandular secretions e. all of the above 9 : The pituitary gland is divided into two portions: the posterior pituitary and the anterior pituitary. a. True b. False 10 : The posterior pituitary stores and secretes a. ADH and oxytocin b. growth hormone and gonadotropinreleasing hormone c. estrogen and testosterone d. aldosterone and cortisone e. adrenalin and insulin 11 : The function(s) of oxytocin is/are to _____. a. cause the uterus to contract b. induce labor c. stimulate the release of milk from the mother's mammary glands when her baby is nursing. d. all of the above 12 : Hypothalamic releasing and releaseinhibiting hormones are transported from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary by way of __________. a. the general bloodstream b. a portal system of blood vessels directly connecting the two organs c. direct contact between the two organs d. a cascade of release-inhibit-release-etc. interactions 13: Hormones produced by the anterior pituitary that have a direct effect on the body, rather than trigger another gland, are _____. a. GH, prolactin, and MSH b. TSH, ACTH, and gonadotropic hormones c. testosterone and estrogen d. FH, LSH and progesterone 20 : In addition to thyroxine and triiodothyronine, the thyroid gland produces_. a. TSH b. ACTH c. calcitonin d. FSH e. gonadotropin-releasing hormone 14 : GH promotes __________. a. cell division b. protein synthesis c. bone growth d. all of the above 21 : Calcitonin ____________. a. regulates the calcium level in blood b. is balanced by the action of parathyroid hormone c. increases the deposit of calcium in bone d. all of the above 15 : Which hormone dramatically affects physical appearance? a. gonadotropin-releasing hormone b. growth c. steroid d. male and female 16 : Prolactin is produced in quantity throughout every person's life. a. True b. False 17 : The parathyroid glands are located _____ . a. below the thyroid, hence the name "para" b. above the thyroid, hence the name "para" c. imbedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland d. distant from the thyroid but named because there are two and they resemble the thyroid glands 18 : The thyroid gland is attached to the trachea just above the larynx. a. True b. False 19: Thyroxine and triiodothyronine, the thyroid hormones, do not have a specific target organ; instead, they stimulate most of the cells of the body to metabolize at a faster rate. a. True b. False 22 : Parathyroid hormone (PTH) ___________. a. stops the absorption of calcium from the intestine b. stimulates the release of calcium by the kidneys c. causes blood calcium level to decrease d. causes blood phosphate level to decrease e. all of the above 23 : Calcium plays an important role in ______. a. neural conduction b. muscle contraction c. blood clotting d. all of the above 25 : The adrenal glands consist of _______. a. the inner and outer layer of the kidney b. the inner medulla and the outer cortex c. lower adrenal and upper paradrenal sections d. ACTH and BCTH sections 24 : The medulla and the cortex portions of the adrenal glands function together as a physiological unit. a. True b. False 25 : The adrenal medulla secretes ______ under conditions of stress. a. norepinephrine b. epinephrine c. both of the above 26 : The adrenal ______ secretes a small amount of both sex hormones. a. medulla b. cortex c. accessory gland 27 : Aldosterone regulates the blood sodium and potassium levels. a. True b. False 28 : The primary target organ of aldosterone is _________. a. the liver b. the pancreas c. the kidney d. all of the above 29 : The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine tissue. a. True b. False 30 : The pancreatic endocrine tissues are called pancreatic islets a. True b. False 31 : There is/are ______ type(s) of diabetes mellitus. a. one b. three c. two d. five 32 : The pancreatic islets produce __________. a. insulin and glucagon b. pancreatin c. ACTH and aldosterone d. pancreatic digestive enzymes 33 : Insulin functions to __________. a. promote the storage of nutrients b. lower the blood glucose level by stimulating liver, fat and muscle cells to metabolize glucose c. stimulate uptake of glucose by cells d. all of the above 34 : Glucagon increases the action of insulin. a. True b. False 35 : In __________ diabetes the pancreas is NOT producing insulin. a. type I b. type II c. type III d. all forms of 36 : It is believed that type I diabetes is brought on by an environmental agent, probably a virus. a. True b. False 37 : Type II diabetes usually occurs in people who are obese and inactive. a. True b. False 38 : In type II diabetes, insulin is produced but the live and muscle cells do NOT respond to it. a. True b. False 39 : The ______ are the male sex hormones. a. androgens b. estrogens c. aldosterones d. insulins e. pheromones 40 : Anabolic steroids are ______ forms of testosterone. a. natural b. synthetic c. super-active d. ineffective 41 : The thymus increases in size with aging. a. True b. False 42 : The thymus aids the differentiation of ______ cells. a. red blood b. B c. T d. cancerous 43 : The _________ produces the hormone melatonin. a. pituitary gland b. pineal gland c. thyroid gland d. pancreatic gland e. hypothalamus 44 : Melatonin is involved with circadian rhythms. a. True b. False Your test will be on: The cell cycle: interphase (3 parts), and mitosis (5 parts) What happens in each? You should be able to draw/explain each stage of mitosis for given diploid number Why does cell division take place? What happens when cells divide uncontrollably? Terms: chromosome, sister chromatids, diploid, somatic cell Meiois: We have cut each part of meiosis into 4 stages each (no prometapahse I and II) Why do cell divide? Where does it occur in humans? Draw/explain what is happening in each stage of meiosis I and II Differentiate between the two stages What is chiasma and crossing-over? What is non-disjunction? Terms: tetrads, haploid cell, diploid cell, somatic cell, gametes, homologous pairs Karyotypes How many chromosomes are in a “normal” human (autosomes, sex chromosomes) What do karyotypes show and not show? Examples of trisomy or monosomy Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis Compare/contrast When, how often do they occur Explain each process (annotated diagrams allowed) Structure and function of sperm Male and female reproductive systems Label each The path of sperm/egg through their respective reproductive organs Roles of all of the parts of the reproductive tracts Explain how hormones are controlled in male and in female reproductive systems Explain the menstrual cycle- annotate a diagram Endocrine system Role in the body Organs associated with it Roles- what do they produce/ what does it do/what does it act on?