Download SD_30_ques

TEXT: SDOROW
CH: 3
SUBTOPIC #30: Heredity and Behavior
1)How closely matched is the DNA of identical twins?
A. as close as strangers on the street
B. as close as is the case with non-twin siblings
C. as close as that of fraternal twins
D. exactly the same
DIFFICULTY: 1
ANS_KEY: D
EXPL: These twins arise from the same zygote during development, after a single sperm has
fused with a single egg.
2) Which of the following characteristics is NOT an example of a phenotype?
A. having blue eyes
B. possessing a high IQ
C. having an extra 21st chromosome
D. possessing an extremely outgoing personality
DIFFICULTY: 3
ANS_KEY: C
EXPL: The term phenotype refers only to outwardly measurable traits and not to an individual’s
genomic material.
3) If both nature and nurture have a profound impact on the development of an organism, which
of the following best represents an example of nature?
A. living near a polluted river as a child
B. having cancer run in your family
C. having physically abusive parents
D. being malnourished as a result of poverty
DIFFICULTY: 4
ANS_KEY: B
EXPL: All of the choices but one represent environmental influences.
4) Which of the following individuals became famous after publication of the book “On the
Origin of Species”?
A. Erasmus Darwin
B. Francis Galton
C. Charles Darwin
D. Stephen J. Gould
DIFFICULTY: 2
ANS_KEY: C
EXPL: Though the first three individuals were related, only one of them went on to write the
aforementioned book.
5) From the perspective of natural selection, one would expect various traits to be passed along
to future generations because
A. God wanted it that way
B. pure chance selected that trait for continued transmission
C. genetic interactions lead to its expression regardless the outcome for the organism
D. the trait conferred some sort of survival or reproductive advantage
DIFFICULTY: 4
ANS_KEY: D
EXPL: Remember that natural selection occurs based on “fitness” (in other words, the fittest
organisms survive).
6) Behavioral neuroscience is the scientific study of the relationship between
A. Physiology, mental process and behavior.
B. The nervous system, mental process and behavior
C. The endocrine system and behavior.
D. The nervous system and the endocrine system.
DIFFICULTY: 1
ANS_KEY: A
EXPL: Behavioral neuroscience investigates the relationship between physiology, mind and
behavior.
7) Evolutionary psychologists study:
A. How behavior changes as organisms age.
B. How behavior changes as the result of evolution of the species.
C. The relationship between genes, behavior and mental process.
D. The relationship between behavioral change and environmental change.
DIFFICULTY: 2
ANS_KEY: B
EXPL: Evolutionary psychologists explore how behavior changes are related to the processes of
natural selection.
8) Genotype is to phenotype as:
A. The genes the organism has is to the behavior displayed by the organism.
B. The behavior displayed by the organism is to the genes the organism has.
C. An individuals genetic inheritance is to how those genes are expressed in appearance and/or
behavior.
D. How genes are expressed in appearance and/or behavior is to the individuals genetic
inheritance.
DIFFICULTY: 2
ANS_KEY: C
EXPL: Genotype refers to genetic inheritance, phenotype refers to how those genes are expressed
in behavior, mental process and appearance.
9) An evolutionary psychologist is more likely to be interested in changes in behavior associated
with _____ than a behavior geneticist, who might focus on changes in behavior associated with
_____.
A. Natural selection, the nervous system.
B. Expectation, heredity and life experience.
C. Expectation, the nervous system.
D. Natural selection, heredity and life experience.
DIFFICULTY: 2
ANS_KEY: D
EXPL: Behavior geneticists are interested in the effects of heredity and life experience on
behavior, while evolutionary psychologists are interested in how behavior is related to the
process of natural selection.
10) Heritability is an indication of the relative importance of _____ in a phenotype.
A. Genetics and experience
B. Evolution and natural selection
C. The brain and spinal cord.
D. Luck and skill
DIFFICULTY: 2
ANS_KEY: A
EXPL: Heritability is an estimate of the relative importance of nature and nurture, genes and
experience, in the display of a behavior.
11) Adoption studies help to isolate the effects of _____ in a phenotype.
A. Evolution and natural selection.
B. Nature and nurture.
C. The brain and the spinal cord.
D. Hormones and neurons.
DIFFICULTY: 3
ANS_KEY: B
EXPL: Adoption studies are used to isolate the effects of the environment from the effects of
genetics.
12) Identical twins tend to have a more similar _____ than do fraternal twins.
A. Genotype, phenotype and heritability.
B. Genotype, experience and heritability.
C. Genotype, phenotype and experience.
D. Experience, phenotype and heritability.
DIFFICULTY: 4
ANS_KEY: C
EXPL: Identical twins are similar in genotype, which generally produces similar phenotype.
Because they look the same and tend to act the same, these people are also likely to have similar
experience. Heritability is a measure of the similarity, it is not a trait per se.
13) Family studies, adoption studies and studies of identical twins reared apart are all ways to
determine
A. The role of genotype in phenotype.
B. The role of phenotype in genotype.
C. The impact of the nervous system on behavior.
D. Heritability.
DIFFICULTY: 2
ANS_KEY: D
EXPL: Family studies, adoption studies and studies of identical twins are supposed to assess the
relative role of experience and inheritance in the display of behavior, i.e. Heritability.
14. The effects of genes on behavior are _____ the effects of genes on physical development.
A. Less direct than
B. More direct than
C. About as direct as
D. All of the above could be correct, depending on the behavior and the individual in question.
DIFFICULTY: 1
ANS_KEY: A
EXPL: Because behavior is more influenced by experience, the effects of genes on behavior are
less the effects of genes on physical development.