Download Course: Advanced Placement Physics B Teacher: Mr. Nathan

Course: Advanced Placement Physics B
Teacher: Mr. Nathan Emerson
Textbook: Physics: Principles with Applications
Sixth Edition by Douglas C. Giancoli
ISBN 0-13-184661-2
Prentice Hall, 2005
Schedule: Class 42 min (A,B,C days), Block 86 min (O and E Days)
COURSE OVERVIEW: Advanced Placement Physics is a
WHAT WILL I
comprehensive study of the topics traditionally covered in a
LEARN THIS
college-level physics course and is designed to give students the
YEAR?
opportunity to earn college credit or placement based on their
scores on the AP Physics B examination in May. Subject matter is
presented using a combination of direct instruction, student-centered inquiry,
reading assignments, problem solving and reasoning, demonstrations, and
laboratory experiences. This course is designed to include the well-established
College Board AP Physics B curriculum, which includes 35% Newtonian
Mechanics (Kinematics, Newton’s Laws of Motion, Work, Power, & Energy,
Linear Momentum, Circular Motion & Rotational Statics, Oscillations & Universal
Gravitation), 15% Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Physics (Fluid Statics &
Dynamics, Temperature & Heat, Kinetic Theory, Ideal Gas Law, &
Thermodynamics), 25% Electricity & Magnetism (Electrostatics & Capacitors,
Electric (DC) Circuits, Electromagnetism), 15% Waves & Optics (Wave Motion,
Geometrical Optics, Physical Optics), and 10% Atomic & Nuclear Physics
(Atomic Physics and Quantum Effects, Nuclear Physics). A detailed description
of the curriculum is included with this document.
COURSE BENEFITS: Physics is everywhere! In addition to
WHY SHOULD I
the interesting and relevant things you will learn about this
TAKE THIS
year, you will improve upon your ability to reason analytically
CLASS?
and think critically. You will become an excellent problem
solver that will not only benefit you in class but will also help
you in any future endeavor such as medicine, law, business management,
science, mathematics, engineering, or education. Successful completion of this
course will also be a great addition to your transcript and will show colleges that
you have academic initiative.
GRADING: *****Your grade will be based on a combination of
homework (15%), laboratory experiences (30%), assessments
(45%), and class participation(10%). The following provides
descriptions of each component of your grade:
HOW WILL I BE
ASSESSED?
Homework Requirements: Homework will be assigned on a weekly basis using
webassign. Each assignment will form a homework set that will be graded for
accuracy and completion. These homework sets include critical thinking based
questions from the textbook and/or previously released AP exams. It is your
responsibility to try each problem so each subsequent lesson is relevant. Do not
wait until the last minute to start these homework sets!! You will miss out on the
daily discussion about these problems as well as an opportunity to check your
progress and understanding of the concepts covered in each class.
Laboratory Experiences: Labs are an essential component to this course. Openended as well as guided investigations will be provided for each of the topics in
the curriculum. Through these laboratory experiences, you will be able to design
experiments, observe and measure real phenomena, organize, display, and
critically analyze data, analyze sources of error, determine uncertainties in
measurement, draw inferences from observations, and communicate results,
including suggested ways to improve experiments and proposed questions for
further study. Your lab experiences will be assessed through either a formal lab
write-up (Title, Introduction, Data, Calculations, Results/Analysis, Conclusion) or
through class presentation and discussion of observations, results and
conclusions.
Assessments: In addition to the culminating AP Physics B exam in May, exams
are given at the end of a collection of related topics with approximately a oneweek advanced notice. Exams will include multiple-choice questions, openended problem solving, and laboratory based questions. Smaller exams
(quizzes) will count for about half of larger exams (tests) and can include
textbook readings where appropriate. There will be at least two tests a quarter
and a varied amount of quizzes.
Class Problem Solving: You will be asked to solve problems and conduct
informal experiments/measurements during class. Periodically this work will be
assessed for accuracy.
Student Portfolio: Lab work and other major assignments will be kept in a
portfolio of your work. This will be assessed quarterly for a grade. The AP Board
requires this element because numerous colleges will require evidence that your
coursework meets their standards to grant credit or waiving prerequisite courses.
EXTRA HELP: There will be times throughout the year where
I’M LOST!!
you will need extra help, whether it is due to an absence or a
WHAT IF I NEED
particularly difficult topic. Don’t wait too long to come for extra
HELP?
help! I am available at least once a week and most certainly
the day before an exam. You can also visit after hours to check
solutions to homework sets. Don’t forget that your peers make excellent tutors! It
is highly encouraged that you get together in study groups and work on
homework sets and study for exams. In addition to setting up individual time with
me, you can also access notes posted on my website.
AP Physics B Course Content & Timeline
I. Mechanics (35%)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Kinematics (3 weeks)
Newton’s Laws of Motion (3 weeks)
Work, Energy, & Power (3 weeks)
Linear Momentum (2.5 weeks)
Circular Motion & Rotational Statics (1.5 weeks)
Oscillations & Universal Gravitation (1.5 weeks)
II. Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Physics (15%)
a. Fluid Statics & Dynamics (1.5 weeks)
b. Temperature & Heat (1 week)
c. Kinetic Theory, Ideal Gas Law, & Thermodynamics (2 weeks)
III. Electricity & Magnetism (25%)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Electrostatics (1.5 weeks)
Conductors, Capacitors, Dielectrics (0.5 weeks)
Electric Circuits (2 weeks)
Magnetic Fields (1 week)
Electromagnetism (1 week)
IV. Waves & Optics (15%)
a. Wave motion & Sound (2 weeks)
b. Physical Optics (1.5 weeks)
c. Geometric Optics (2 weeks)
V. Atomic & Nuclear Physics (10%)
a. Atomic Physics & Quantum Effects (1.5 weeks)
b. Nuclear Physics (1.5 weeks)
AP Physics B Unit Information
I. MECHANICS
Kinematics (7%)
Chapters 2 & 3
The study of motion in one and two dimensions, including constant velocity,
acceleration, free fall, relative velocity vectors, and projectile motion.
Upon culmination of this unit, students will be able to:






Understand the relationships between position, velocity, and acceleration for
the motion of an object
Graph and analyze various types of motion on position-time, velocity-time,
and acceleration-time graphs
Use kinematics equations to solve problems involving linear motion
Use graphical and trigonometric methods to solve motion problems involving
vectors
Add vectors using the component method of vector addition
Demonstrate proficiency in analyzing and solving problems involving
projectiles fired both horizontally and at an angle
Newton’s Laws of Motion (9%)
Chapters 4 & 8
The study of forces and how they may produce translational equilibrium or
acceleration; also the study of torques and how they may prevent rotation
(rotational equilibrium)
Upon culmination of this unit, students will be able to:






Distinguish between types of forces (contact and non-contact or fundamental)
and understand the difference between mass and weight
Understand the relationship between net force and motion (constant velocity
and acceleration)
Draw a well-labeled free-body diagram
Differentiate between static and kinetic friction
Demonstrate proficiency in solving problems that involve constant
acceleration (elevators, inclined planes, Atwood’s Machine)
Apply the use of torques to extended objects and prove that rotational
equilibrium is produced by the absence of a net torque.
Work, Power, & Energy (5%)
Chapter 6
The study of how forces that produce motion give a particle mechanical energy
and how that energy can undergo transformations
Upon culmination of this unit, students will be able to:








Define and apply the concepts of work done by a constant force and also a
variable force
Relate the work done by either type of force to the area under a line of a
graph of force vs. displacement
Distinguish between conservative and non-conservative forces
Define and apply the work-energy theorem (work produces kinetic energy)
and also how work done may give an object either gravitational or elastic
potential energy
Understand the principle of energy transformation and the laws of
conservation of energy
Calculate the power of mechanical systems and relate it to practical
applications
Apply the conservation of mechanical energy to mass spring systems
Investigate the energy transformations of a simple pendulum and graph
amplitude as a function of time
System of Particles, Linear Momentum (4%)
Chapter 7
The study of collisions using impulse, momentum, and the conservation of linear
momentum
Upon culmination of this unit, students will be able to:






Define and present examples of impulse and momentum
Relate the impulse-momentum theorem to Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion
Compare and contrast linear momentum, a vector quantity, to kinetic energy,
a scalar quantity
Calculate the impulse and change in momentum from the area under the
curve of a force vs. time graph
Investigate various types of collisions (elastic, inelastic, recoil, and glancing)
using the conservation of linear momentum
Recognize conditions under which the laws of conservation of linear
momentum and kinetic energy are applicable
Circular Motion, Gravitation, and Oscillations (10%)
Chapters 5 & 11
The study of how Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion may produce uniform circular
motion if the net force is perpendicular to the velocity vector; also how Universal
Gravitation was developed using centripetal force and Kepler’s Laws of Planetary
Motion.
Upon culmination of this unit, students will be able to:









Relate the radius of a circle and the rate of revolution of an object to the
centripetal acceleration and centripetal force
Describe the direction of velocity, acceleration, and force vectors at any
instant during circular motion
Determine the net force (centripetal force) using free-body diagrams on an
object for both horizontal and vertical circles
Understand that centrifugal force is the reaction force to centripetal force
Appreciate how Newton developed universal gravitation using Kepler’s Laws
of Planetary Motion
Understand how an object moves in circular/elliptical orbit under gravity’s
influence using the inverse square law
Relate circular motion to simple harmonic motion using the reference circle to
describe displacement, velocity, and acceleration
Apply Hooke’s Law to a mass-spring system
Derive and apply the equation for the period of both a simple pendulum and a
mass-spring system
II. FLUID MECHANICS, HEAT, KINETIC THEORY, AND THERMODYNAMICS
Fluids (6%)
Chapter 10
The study of how fluids behave both statically and dynamically
Upon culmination of this unit, students will be able to:





Define and apply the concepts of density (specific gravity) and pressure
(absolute, gauge, fluid, & atmospheric)
Understand the operation of a hydraulic lift using Pascal’s Principle
State and use Archimedes’ Principle to calculate the buoyant force
Draw and utilize free-body diagrams that include the buoyant force
Apply the equation of continuity for ideal fluids in conjunction with Bernoulli’s
Equation as a re-statement of the Conservation of Energy
Temperature & Heat (2%)
Chapters 13 & 14
The study of how matter absorbs and releases thermal energy and its
consequences
Upon culmination of this unit, students will be able to:




Understand and apply Joule’s Mechanical Equivalent of Heat
Describe the concepts of temperature, heat, and thermal equilibrium
Define the coefficient of linear expansion and use it to calculate linear thermal
expansion
Identify and give examples of methods of heat transfer (conduction,
convection, and radiation)
Kinetic Theory & Thermodynamics (7%)
Chapters 13 & 15
The study of how ideal gases behave and how thermal energy can be used to
perform useful work but with an expenditure of wasted energy
Upon culmination of this unit, students will be able to:





State the relationship between pressure, volume, and the temperature of an
ideal gas and apply it to the Kinetic Theory of Matter
Apply the Ideal Gas Law and the Combined Gas Law to the solution of
problems involving changes in volume, pressure, and temperature
Relate how pressure, volume, and temperature may change during
isothermal, isobaric, isochoric, and adiabatic processes and sketch and
analyze these processes on pV diagrams
Understand and compute the Carnot efficiency of a heat engine
Know and be able to apply the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics for
a heat engine and heat pump
 Determine whether entropy is increasing or decreasing
III. ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM
Electrostatics (9%)
Chapters 16 & 17
The study of how matter may become charged and the consequences, such as
electric force, electric field, and electric potential
Upon culmination of this unit, students will be able to:







Understand the process of charging (gaining or losing electrons) and the
Coulomb forces between charges
Determine and diagram the electric field surrounding a charge
Calculate the work done on a charge that moves through an electric field and
its relationship to electric potential
Use conservation of energy to determine the speed of a charge in an electric
field
Use vector addition of components to determine the net electric force and the
net electric field produced by two or more charges
Know the concept of capacitance as it relates to stored charge for charged
parallel-plates
Describe the electric field outside a charged conducting sphere and its
relationship to equipotential lines
Electric Circuits (7%)
Chapters 18 & 19
The study of how charged matter can be used to form useful circuits (both series
and parallel)
Upon culmination of this unit, students will be able to:








Understand the concepts of electric current, resistance, and electric potential
or emf
Describe how current, voltage, and resistance are related through Ohm’s Law
Graph Ohm’s Law using voltage vs. current indicating that the slope is the
resistance
Construct and interpret combinations of resistors (series or parallel)
Apply Ohm’s Law and Kirchoff’s Rules to DC circuits in order to determine an
unknown quantity
Use voltmeters and ammeters to measure physical quantities in a DC circuit
Calculate the terminal voltage taking into account the internal resistance of
the cell(s)
Analyze circuits with resistors and steady-state capacitors
Electromagnetism (9%)
Chapters 20, 21 & 22
The study of how moving charges produce magnetism and the resulting
magnetic force that led to technological applications such as motors and
generators
Upon culmination of this unit, students will be able to:







Describe the magnetic fields created by iron magnets and/or electromagnets
Understand and be able to calculate the force experienced by a charge in a
magnetic field
Use Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion and knowledge of circular motion to
investigate the path of a charge moving at an angle through a magnetic field
Describe how a charge may move through a combination of electric and
magnetic fields at a constant velocity
Determine the effect of placing a current-carrying wire or loop in a magnetic
field
Understand the principle of electromagnetic induction through the use of
Faraday’s Law and Lenz’s Law; also analyze “motional emf”
Use hand rules to determine an unknown direction when given two other
directions related to the magnetic field and force.
IV. WAVES & OPTICS
Wave Motion & Sound (5%)
Chapters 11 & 12
The study of how vibrations produce waves in matter, such as mechanical
waves, sound, and electromagnetic waves
Upon culmination of this unit, students will be able to:








Understand all forms of EM radiation, particularly visible light
Describe how vibrations in matter produce waves using the appropriate
technology (frequency, amplitude, wavelength, and speed)
Distinguish between transverse, longitudinal, and surface waves
Sketch and/or identify graphs that represent traveling waves, standing waves,
and wave interactions such as reflection, refraction, diffraction, superposition,
and interference
Understand how observed frequency changes for moving sources or
observers (Doppler Effect)
Apply the principle of superposition to waves in order to understand
constructive and destructive interference
Calculate the speed of sound in air experimentally using the principles of outof-phase reflection and resonance
Observe standing waves in a string using the principles of out-of-phase
reflection and resonance
Geometrical Optics (5%)
Chapter 23
The study of how light behaves at a reflective surface (reflection) and in
transparent media (refraction) to produce images (mirrors and lenses)
Upon culmination of this unit, students will be able to:








State and apply the Law of Reflection
Define the index of refraction for various transparent media
Use Snell’s Law to calculate angles of refraction and/or incidence as well as
the critical angle for total internal reflection
Analyze how visible light reflects and refracts using curved mirrors and lenses
to produce real or virtual images
Sketch ray diagrams to predict image characteristics
Use the thin lens equations to calculate image location and size
Understand the defects (spherical & chromatic aberrations) and the
corrections in curved mirrors and lenses
Observe the dispersion of light through a prism and analyze the resulting
visible spectrum
Physical Optics (5%)
Chapter 24
The study of all electromagnetic waves, particularly light’s “wave optics”
characteristics, such as diffraction, interference, and polarization
Upon culmination of this unit, students will be able to:





State the conditions necessary for diffraction and interference (constructive
and destructive) of light
Demonstrate and describe how monochromatic, coherent light may pass
through single and double slits and analyze the resulting interference patterns
Describe Young’s Double Slit Experiment
Apply Young’s equation to determine the wavelength of the monochromatic
light
Explain the nature of thin film interference using the concepts of in-phase and
out-of-phase reflection
V. ATOMIC PHYSICS & NUCLEAR PHYSICS
Atomic Physics & Quantum Effects (7%)
Chapters 27 & 28
The study of how light is produced and the relationship between EM waves and
matter
Upon culmination of this unit, students will be able to:








Use both Thomson’s and Millikan’s experiments to understand the
fundamental nature of the electron
Discuss blackbody radiation and Planck’s Hypothesis
Know the properties of photons, such as wavelength in nm, frequency in Hz,
and energy in J and eV
Use the Bohr Model of the atom to calculate frequency and wavelength of a
photon as a result of electron energy-level transitions
Analyze and compare emission spectra of gas samples to hydrogen gas
Provide evidence of wave-particle duality of light by thorough understanding
of the photoelectric effect (including terms such as ‘work function’, ‘threshold
frequency’, and ‘stopping potential’)
Interpret the various elements of the graph of a typical photoelectric effect
experiment
Describe x-ray production and the results of Compton scattering
Nuclear Physics (3%)
Chapters 30 & 31
The study of how the atomic nucleus is held together and the resulting effects
(radioactive decay, fission, and fusion)
Upon culmination of this unit, students will be able to:








Understand the relationship between energy and mass and calculate the
mass defect & binding energy
Describe the Rutherford Scattering Experiment and conceptualize the nature
of the strong and weak nuclear force
Understand the concept of half-life for radioactive isotopes
Interpret graphs of radioactive decay in order to determine half-life
Use the laws of conservation of mass and charge to write nuclear reaction
equations
Describe the differences between the three types of radioactive decay (alpha,
beta, and gamma)
Describe the differences between fission and fusion
Calculate the energy released in a nuclear reaction from the decrease in rest
mass
AP Physics B Labs
Mechanics
Kinematics
Newton’s Laws of
Motion
Lab Description
1. Graphing Motion:
Mini-Lab
Learning Objectives
To replicate motion graphs
by walking in front of a
motion detector
2. Motion in OneTo analyze the motion of a
Dimension: Constant cart/picket fence under a
velocity,
variety of influences and to
acceleration, free
use the data to verify the
Fall, and calculating kinematic equations
‘g’ using an inclined
track
Equipment
Motion Detector,
3. Projectile Motion:
Horizontal
projection and
projection at an
angle
5. Translational
Equilibrium on a
Force Table: Using
vector summations
to show equilibrium
PASCO minilauncher and time of
flight apparatus,
carbon paper, meter
sticks
Force Table, mass
hangers, slotted
masses, pulleys, and
string
6. The Angle of
Uniform Slip:
Taking motion data
of a wood block on
an inclined plane
7. Atwood’s
Machine &
Newton’s 2nd Law of
Motion:
Acceleration
Work, Energy, &
Power
Circular Motion &
Universal
Gravitation
8. Conservation of
Mechanical Energy:
Potential Energy &
Kinetic Energy
10. Conservation of
Momentum in
Collisions
11. Centripetal
Force:
To analyze both types of
projectile motion using
kinematics equations for
both independent motions
(horizontal & vertical)
To prove that the sum of all
the x-component forces is
zero and that the sum of the
y-component forces is zero
for four forces acting on a
balanced ring (chosen at
random angles)
To determine the coefficient
of kinetic friction for a
wood block sliding with a
constant velocity down an
inclined plane
To determine the
acceleration of a system and
the tension in a string in
order to prove the validity
of Newton’s 2nd Law of
Motion
To verify the conservation
of mechanical energy (PE to
KE) using an Atwood’s
Machine and a simple
pendulum
To determine if momentum
is conserved in a dynamics
car system
To experimentally study
circular motion using
graphical analysis of the
PASCO track,
dynamics carts, ,
photogates, and
picket fences
Inclined plane, wood
block, meter stick,
motion detector
Hooked masses,
string, pulleys
(Atwood Machine)
Atwood’s Machine,
mass, photogate,
string, GLX
Motion detector,
dynamics carts, mass
sets, dynamics track
Plastic tube, string,
stopper, meter stick,
12. Hooke’s Law
and the Mass-Spring
System
13. The Simple
Pendulum
Fluid Mechanics
15. Archimede’s
Principle
Temperature &
Heat
16. The Coefficient
of Linear Expansion
relationships between the
tangential speed of the
object, the radius of it’s
path, and the centripetal
force acting on the object
To determine the spring
constant of a spring. To
determine the period of the
mass-spring system both
experimentally and
mathematically.
To verify that the equation
for the period of a simple
pendulum is solely
dependent on the length of
string. To prove that the
gravitational potential
energy at its highest point is
equivalent to the kinetic
energy at its lowest point
To determine the density of
three unknown metals and
to compare the buoyant
force to the weight of the
metal in and out of the
water.
To determine the coefficient
of linear expansion of an
unknown metal. To use the
coefficient of linear
expansion to identify the
metal
Coil spring, weight
hanger, slotted
weights, Hooke’s
Law Apparatus,
stopwatch
Small pendulum
bobs, nylon thread,
meter sticks,
stopwatch, PASCO
photogates
Three unknown
metals, graduated
cylinder, string,
spring scale, triplebeam balance, and
metric ruler
Linear Expansion
Apparatus (60 cm
metal rod, steam
jacket, steam
generator, rubber
tubing) and
thermometer
17. Ideal Gas Law
18. Laws of
Thermodynamics
Electromagnetism
Lab Description
Electrostatics
19. Mapping an
Electric Field
Electric Circuits
20. Virtual Electric
Field
To analyze the electric field
using an online simulator
21. Graphing Ohm’s
Law
To prove Ohm’s Law for a
known resistor by
determining the slope of a
VI graph
To construct DC circuits so
that equivalent resistance,
current, and voltage can be
measured, verified, and
analyzed.
To investigate the behavior
of resistors in series-parallel
circuits by measuring the
source voltage or emf,
voltage drops, and current
through the resistors.
To map the magnetic field
surrounding bar and
horseshoe magnets and to
determine the strength of
the magnetic field
22. Constructing DC
Circuits
23. Parallel &
Series Circuits
Magnetism
To verify that the pressure
of a gas at a constant
temperature is inversely
proportional to the gas’
volume
To analyze the Laws of
Thermodynamics and pV
diagrams using virtual
simulations of the Carnot
Engine and entropy
Learning Objectives
To use equipotential points
and lines to map out an
electric field
24. Magnetic Field
Analysis
Boyle’s Law
Apparatus, set of
masses,
thermometer, ice, hot
plate
Virtual Lab
(http://www.imageination.com/hints/hin
t15.html)
Equipment
Electric Field
Mapping Kit (contact
board, conducting
paper with silver
paint, two contact
arms), conducting
wires, DC source,
galvanometer
Virtual Lab
(http://www.cco.calt
ech.edu
/phys1/java/phys1/E
Field /EField.html)
Known resistor,
connecting wires,
DC source,
voltmeter, ammeter
Phet online lab
(http://phet.colorado.
edu
/index.php)
Light bulbs, sockets,
voltmeter, ammeter,
conducting wires,
power source
Bar magnet,
horseshoe magnet,
compass, metric
rulers, protractors
Electromagnetism
25. Electromagnetic
Induction
Waves & Optics
Wave Motion &
Sound
Lab Description
27. Making Waves
28. Waves in a
Ripple Tank
29. Speed of Sound
in Air
To qualitatively observe
how moving a bar magnet
through a solenoid induces a
current in the solenoid. To
observe how Lenz’s Law
applies to the force
opposing the motion of the
magnet.
Learning Objectives
To predict and make
observations of vibrations in
a slinky. To observe pulses,
cycles, traveling waves, inphase and out-of-phase
reflections, standing waves,
superposition, and
constructive & destructive
interference.
To predict and make
observations in a ripple
tank. To observe pulses,
cycles, traveling waves, inphase and out-of-phase
reflections, standing waves,
superposition, and
constructive & destructive
interference.
To determine the
wavelength and the speed of
sound waves of known
frequency using the
principles of resonance and
standing waves produced
from out-of-phase
reflections in a closed tube.
Bar magnet,
solenoid, connecting
wires, galvanometer
Equipment
Slinky, string, rope,
string vibrator
Ripple Tank set
Tuning fork (512
hz), rubber hammer,
resonance tube (50
cm), large class
cylinder, meterstick
Geometrical
Optics
31. Snell’s Law
32. Mirrors &
Lenses
Physical Optics
Atomic &Nuclear
Atomic Physics
33. Diffraction &
Interference of
Monochromatic
Light
Lab Description
34. Atomic Spectra
35. Photoelectric
Effect
To determine the index of
refraction of an acrylic
block and to verify Snell’s
Law by measuring angles of
incidence and refraction. To
observe the conditions
necessary for total internal
reflection and to calculate
critical angle.
To analyze real and virtual
image formation for plane,
concave, and convex
mirrors and converging and
diverging lenses. To verify
the thin lens equation by
measuring object and image
distances for given focal
lengths.
To analyze the behavior of
monochromatic, coherent
light as it passes through a
variety of openings
producing patterns of bright
& dark fringes on a screen.
To calculate the wavelength
of monochromatic light
using a double-slit of known
spacing.
Learning Objectives
To observe the emission
spectra of selected gas
samples. To understand how
spectra are produced and
can be used to identify the
composition of matter.
To observe the nature of the
photoelectric effect by
changing the frequency and
brightness of the incident
light as well as the battery
settings
Pasco Optics Bench,
Pasco Ray Box and
light source, set of
mirrors and lenses
Pasco Optics Bench,
Pasco Ray Box and
light source, set of
mirrors and lenses
Pasco Optics Bench,
Diode Laser, Pasco
slit accessory
Equipment
Pasco spectral tube
power supply and
mount, selected
spectral tubes,
simple spectroscope
Virtual Simulation:
http://www.lewport.
wnyric.org
/mgagnon/Photoelect
riceffect1
.htm
Nuclear Physics
36. Rutherford’s
Alpha Particle
Scattering
Experiment
37. Nuclear
Reactions
To observe the nature of the
Alpha Particle Scattering
Experiment. To change the
particle’s energy and line of
motion relative to the gold
nucleus to determine
resulting paths.
To observe the nature of a
variety of nuclear reactions
(radioactive decay, fusion,
& fission)
Virtual Lab:
http://www.wawen.s
creaming
.net/revision/nuclear/
rsanim.htm
Virtual Lab:
http://www.wawen.s
creaming
.net/revision/nuclear/
rsanim.htm