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The Milky Way Galaxy Over 100 billion ________ and possibly a ______ ____ in the center. Has star clusters, planets, glowing nebulae, dust and empty space. _________ stars and globular cluster near the __________ ____________ stars and galactic clusters in _________ One hundred thousand (100,000) light years in __________. Ten thousand (10,000) light years ______ Our solar system is located on the ___________ Arm – 30,000 light years from the center. Part of the __________ _________ of super clusters (Andromeda is also part of this group) Astronomers use __________ and _____________ telescopes to “see” the center of the galaxy We can’t actually “see” the center of the galaxy because of ____ and ___! The Milky Way is getting ________ because it is “eating” the Large Magellanic Cloud. Its stars are being added to the Milky Way. The Milky Way is falling toward the Andromeda Galaxy and both are feeling the tug of the great Virgo Cluster, which is 50 million light years away. Andromeda Galaxy (M31) Can only be seen by astronomers in the _______________ hemisphere 2.2 million _______ ________ away Can see without a telescope, appears as a faint fuzzy patch About the same size as the ____________ ____________ Two times more ______________ than the Milky Way Galaxies Large & Small Magellanic Clouds Can only be seen by astronomers in the ________________ Hemisphere The two ______________ galaxies to the Milky Way (Less than 200,000 light years away) Visible to the naked eye Relatively small and _____________ in shape Only five percent of the _________ of the Milky Way Large Magellanic is being “eaten” by the Milky Way A _________ is a huge region of space that contains hundreds of billions of _______, planets, glowing nebulae, dust, empty space, and possibly __________ ___________. Messier Catalog System According to Hubble’s Law, galaxies are moving _____ from one another. Charles Messier was looking for ___________. Made a list of star clusters, galaxies and nebula so that he would not mistake them for comets. Listed 110 objects, including 32 _______________ by 1780. Andromeda – M31 Galaxies began when large clouds of __________ and _________ started to shrink as a result of their gravity. Galaxies are held together by _________________. 100 billion or so exist in the universe. Hubble categorized these shapes or basic schemes of galaxies: 1. ____________________ 2. ____________________ 3. ____________________ Parts of a Galaxy Spiral Galaxies The galaxy is made up of two visible components: _____________ tightly would around galaxy, like a pinwheel A group of objects in center (stars and possibly a ________ ________) Surrounded by a halo and an invisible cloud of _____________. _____________ – which forms arms May lose arms and become _______ Examples: Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxies 1. ___________ 2. ___________ Irregular Galaxies Neither ________ nor ___________ Disk, but no spiral ___________ Caused by the formation of _______ stars in the galaxy or by the pull of neighboring gravitational fields In some irregular galaxies one can see individual ________, nebulae, and clusters Mixture of ______ and _____ stars Large amounts of _____ and _____ Examples: Large and Small Magellanic Clouds Elliptical Galaxies Can be _____________, oval, flattened or spherical Resembles the nucleus of a spiral galaxy without the __________ Very little ________ or _________ Mostly __________ stars Collect into _____________ clusters Examples: M32 Parts of a Galaxy – Disk Contains clouds of gas and dust called ___________ In a spiral galaxy, most stars are in the __________ Open Cluster (Galactic Clusters) are _____________, asymmetric groups of stars. Parts of a Galaxy – Bulge A large squashed sphere surrounding the galaxy’s ___________ Contains ______________ stars Not very much _______ or _______ One fifth of the total light comes from the ____________ The bulge can be used to determine the _____________ of the galaxy Above and around the bulge are ______________ ______________ – hundreds of thousands of stars bound in a tight spherical swarm