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Questions for week 1 - Intro 1. Why is it important to study history? 2. What was life like in Paleolithic times? 3. What is essential for civilization to occur and why? Questions for week 2 - Egypt 1. What was the general outlook of Mideastern cultures in regard to the human’s relationship with nature? To the Gods? To Justice and the laws? 2. What were the political and intellectual outlooks of the civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia? How did geography influence the religious outlooks of the two civilizations? 3. How did early civilization differ among each other? Questions for week 3 - Greece 1. What was a polis? What role did geography play in its development, and why did the Greeks consider it a unique and valuable institution? 2. What were the fundamental beliefs and practices of the Greek religion? 3. Why did the Greeks and Persians go to war in 490 and 480 BCE? Why did the Persians want to conquer Greece? Why were the Greeks able to defeat the Persians and how did they benefit from the victory? Questions for week 4 – Alexander the Great and Hellenism 1. How did art and literature characterize Greek life and thought in the Classical Age? How does Hellenistic art differ from that of the Classical Age? What are the causes of this difference? 2. Identify how Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle influenced philosophy? 3. What were the major consequences of Alexander’s death? What did he achieve? Was he a conscious promoter of Greek civilization or just an egomaniac drunk with the lust of conquest? Questions for week 5 – Test 1: Beginning of civilization and the Greeks. No Questions Questions for week 6 – Roman Republic 1. How did the institutions of family and clientage and the establishment of patrician and plebian classes contribute to the stability of the early Roman Republic? How important were education and slavery to the success of the republic? 2. How was Rome able to conquer and control Italy? In their relations with Greece and Asia Minor in the second century BCE, were the Romans looking for security? Wealth? Power? Fame? 3. What problems plagued the Roman Republic in its last century? What caused these problems and how did the Romans try to solve them? To what extent was the republic destroyed by ambitious generals who loved power more than Rome itself? Questions for week 7 – Roman Empire 1. What solutions did Augustus provide for the political problems that had plagued the Roman Republic? Why was the Roman population willing to accept Augustus as head of the state? 2. Why did the Roman authorities persecute Christians? What were the most important reasons for Christianity’s success? 3. What political, social, and economic problems beset Rome in the third and fourth centuries C.E.? How did Roman emperors effectively stem the tide of decline and disintegration – for some time? Questions for week 8 – Test 2: The Roman Empire No Questions Questions for week 9 – Early Middle Ages 1. What role did the nobility play during Charlemagne’s rule? Why did Charlemagne encourage learning at his court? How could the Carolingian renaissance have been dangerous to Charlemagne’s rule? Why did his empire break apart? 2. How and why was the history of the eastern half of the Roman empire so different from that of the western half? What role did emperors play in the Eastern Church? 3. How and why did feudal society begin? What were the essential ingredients of feudalism? How easy do you think it would be for modern society to slip back into a feudal pattern? Questions for week 10 – High Middle Ages 1. What major development in Western and Eastern Europe encouraged the emergence of the Crusades? Why did the Crusaders fail to establish lasting political and religious control over the Holy Land? 2. What were the political, religious, and economic results of the Crusades? Which do you consider most important and why? 3. What were the main reasons for the Cluny reform movement? Why did it succeed? How did this reform movement influence the subsequent history of the medieval church? Questions for week 11 – Late Middle Ages 2. What were the underlying and precipitating causes of the Hundred Years’ War? What advantages did each side have? Why were the French finally able to drive the English almost entirely out of France? 3. What were the causes of the Black Death, and why did it spread so quickly throughout Western Europe? Where was it most virulent? How did it affect European society? How important do you think disease is in changing the course of history? 4. How did the church change from 1200 to 1450? What was its response to the growing power of monarchs? How great an influence did the church have on secular events? Questions for week 12 – Test 3 No Questions Questions for week 13 – The Renaissance 1. How would you define Renaissance humanism? In what ways was the Renaissance a break with the Middle Ages, and ion what ways did it owe its existence to medieval civilization? 2. Who were some of the famous literary and artistic figures of the Italian Renaissance? What did they have in common that might be described as “The spirit of the Renaissance”? Questions for week 14 – Reformation and Religious Wars 1. How did Spain gain a position of dominance3 in the sixteenth century? What were Philip II’s successes and failures? 2. What led to the establishment of the Anglican Church in England? Why did Mary I fail? What was Elizabeth I’s settlement, and why was it difficult to impose on England? Who were her detractors and what were their criticisms? 3. What problems in the church contributed to the Protestant Reformation? Why was the church unable to suppress dissent as it had earlier? Questions for week 15 – Test 4 No Questions