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The Respiratory System – NOTES Body System Respiratory System Respiratory System responsible for taking in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from the body, Respiration nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli, and diaphragm Filtering system for the lungs Six Main Parts Nasal Cavity Pharynx (throat) Trachea (windpipe) Tube-like structure the trachea leads to the bronchi Epiglottis Closes over entrance to the trachea to keep food out Bronchi (bronchial tubes) Two branches, to left lung and to the right lung Bronchioles smaller and smaller branches Alveoli tiny air sacs that are surrounded by capillaries The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide to/from the blood happens here Diaphragm Second strongest body muscle, controls inhaling and exhaling Diaphragm contracts – inhale air Diaphragm expands – forces exhale The Circulatory System works with the Respiratory System to bring oxygen and nutrient to the cells of the body. How We Breathe Inhale air Diaphragm contracts Air enters mouth or nose where it is warmed, moistened and filtered Down the pharynx (throat) Down through trachea (windpipe), lined with cilia (tiny hairs) Trachea splits into two smaller tubes called bronchi (bronchial tubes) Smaller branches called bronchioles Alveoli are at the end, tiny sacs surrounded by capillaries Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place in the capillaries Oxygen is carried by the red blood cells to the whole body Carbon Dioxide takes the same route out of the lungs Diaphragm expands Exhale air Lung Model Experiment: balloon = lungs, plastic = diaphragm, bottle = chest cavity When the plastic is pulled down, air enters the balloon and expands When the plastic is released, air is forced out of the balloon
