Download Biology Midterm Exam Review Guide

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Biology MCA Q3 Exam Review Guide
1. Define the following terms:
mitosis
meiosis
heredity
haploid
diploid
daughter cell
allele
gene
chromosome
dominant
recessive
homozygous
heterozygous
hybrid
purebred
zygote
fertilization
crossing over
sex chromosomes
monohybrid
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dihybrid
incomplete dominance
Punnett Square
Test-cross
egg
sperm
genotype
phenotype
sex-linked trait
pedigree
carrier
karyotype
2. What are the products of mitosis? (Ch. 8.2)
3. What are the products of meiosis? Compare the number of chromosomes at the end of
meiosis to the number in the original parent cell. (Ch. 10.2)
4. Name, diagram and describe what is happening to the chromosomes in the 4 stages of
mitosis. (Ch. 8.2)
5. Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis. (Ch. 8.2 & 10.2)
6. If the diploid number of an organism is 44, what is the haploid number of its gametes?
(Ch. 10.2)
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7. What is the name of the process which produces haploid gametes from diploid cells? (Ch.
10.2)
8. What term describes the union of a haploid male gamete and a haploid female gamete to
form a diploid zygote? (Ch. 10.1)
9. Which sex chromosome does a father pass on to a son? (Ch. 12.2)
10. Which sex chromosome does a father pass on to a daughter? (Ch. 12.2)
11. Can a father pass on an X-linked trait to a son? Why/why not? (Ch. 12.2)
12. Can a father pass on an X-linked trait to a daughter? Why/Why not? (Ch. 12.2)
13. In snapdragon flowers, the allele for red flowers (R) is dominant to the allele for white
flowers (r). If two flowers that are each heterozygous for red flowers are crossed, what
are the possible phenotypes and genotype ratios? Show the Punnett square. (Ch. 10.1)
Phenotype ratios:
Genotype ratios:
14. In humans, being color-blind is a recessive, sex-linked trait. Show the results of a cross
between a color-blind woman and a normal man. Include the genotypes of the parents, the
punnett square, and the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring (including %).
Phenotype ratios:
Genotype ratios:
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15. Using the information in the question above, show the results of a cross between a
heterozygous woman and a color-blind man. Inlcude the genotypes of the parents, the
punnett square, and the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring (including %).
Phenotype ratios:
Genotype ratios:
16. In certain species of rabbit, when a black rabbit is crossed with a white rabbit, a grey
rabbit is produced. Show the results of a cross between a white rabbit and a grey rabbit.
Include the genotypes of the parents, the punnett square, and genotypes and phenotypes of
the offspring (including %).
Phenotype ratios:
Genotype ratios:
17. Use the pedigree shown below to answer the following questions.
a) Referring to the pedigree above, what is the relationship between individuals I-2 and III5?
b) Based on the pedigree, what do you know about individual III-2 in regards to the genetic
trait? Also, what is the gender of this individual?
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c) Based on the pedigree, if individuals II-1 and II-2 had another child, what are the
chances that the child will have the trait? Show the punnett square to support your answer.
18. Use the karyotype shown below to answer the following questions:
a) Referring to the karyotype above, what is the gender of the individual?
b) Identify the abnormality shown above. What caused this event to occur? Use scientific
terminology to justify your answer.
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