Download Name_____________ ______ Due Date: Biology MCA Q3 Exam

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Biology MCA Q3 Exam Review Guide
1. Define the following terms on a separate sheet of paper:
Mitosis
Meiosis
Heredity
Haploid
Diploid
Daughter cell
Non-disjunction
Allele
Gene
Chromosome
Dominant
Recessive
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Hybrid
Purebred
Sex chromosomes
Monohybrid
Egg
Sperm
Karyotype
Genotype
Phenotype
Pedigree
Carrier
X-linked traits
Autosomes
Crossing over
Zygote
Fertilization
Genetics
Answer the following questions in complete sentences:
1. What is the end result of mitosis? What is the end result of meiosis? Use the words diploid
and haploid in your response.
2. List the stages of mitosis in order, briefly explain what happens in each stage, and draw each
stage.
3. Which types of cells undergo mitosis and what are the reasons for this process?
4. Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis.
5. If the diploid number of an organism is 44, what is the haploid number of its gametes?
6. Describe the process of fertilization. Use the terms gamete (or eggs/sperm), zygote, haploid,
and diploid in your answer.
7. What is the importance of crossing over?
8. Which sex chromosome does a father pass on to a son?
9. Which sex chromosome does a father pass on to a daughter?
10. Can a father pass on an X-linked trait to a son? Explain!
11. In pea plants, tall plants are dominant over short plants. Show the results of a cross between
a heterozygous tall plant and a short plant. Show the Punnett square.
Genotype ratios:
Phenotype ratios:
12. In snapdragon flowers, flowers can be red, white or pink. If two flowers that are each
heterozygous for pink flowers are crossed, what are the possible phenotypes and genotype ratios?
Show the Punnett square.
Genotype ratios:
Phenotype ratios:
13. In humans, being color-blind is a recessive, sex-linked trait. Show the results of a cross
between a color-blind woman and a normal man. Include the genotypes of the parents, the
punnett square, and the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring (including %).
Genotype ratios:
Phenotype ratios:
14. Using the information in the question above, show the results of a cross between a
heterozygous woman and a color-blind man. Include the genotypes of the parents, the punnett
square, and the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring (including %).
Genotype ratios:
Phenotype ratios:
15. Use the pedigree shown below to answer the following questions.
a) Based on the pedigree, what do you know about individual III-2 in regards to the genetic
trait? Also, what is the gender of this individual?
b) Based on the pedigree, if individuals II-1 and II-2 had another child, what are the chances that
the child will have the trait? Show the punnett square to support your answer.
16. Use the karyotype shown below to answer the following questions:
a) Referring to the karyotype above, what is the gender of the individual? How do
you know?
b) Identify the abnormality shown above. What caused this event to occur? Use
scientific terminology to justify your answer.
c) Explain the process of non-disjunction.
d) Describe what happens during fertilization in order for the individual above to have that
abnormality.
17. Describe the process of meiosis.
18. Describe the components of a Punnett square. How is meiosis and fertilization represented
in a Punnett square?