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Renaissance Notes Lesson 2: The Renaissance Essential Questions: 1. Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy? 2. What were important people and ideas during the Renaissance? Renaissance: the time from about 1400 to 1600 in which Europeans entered a new age of thought, learning, art and science. Humanism: a way of thinking that focuses on the ideas and actions of individuals. Vernacular: the everyday language of the people. Scientific method: a system of observing and experimenting to determine whether an idea should be accepted as true. Moveable type: letters and numbers made from individual pieces of metal that can be positioned to form rows of words. Both portraying people Dark, gloomy theme Patterned background Lacks perspective and detail Not realistic – “cartoon-like” Human features are identical Acrylic paint? Patterned objects Lacks color Nobles are depicted Religious Both explain events Exaggeration Class structure 3-D, one point perspective People are realistic People have different characteristics Realistic background portrays architecture of the time period Oil-based color? Feast-like celebration Gender separation? Light perspective—shadows Facial expressions THE RENAISSANCE: KEY IDEAS The Renaissance, which lasted from 1400-1600, began in Italy, mainly because Italy had urban centers, wealthy patrons of the arts, and the heritage of ancient Rome. (FLORENCE) Scholars rediscovered classical ideas based on studies of the workings of nature, which challenged medieval ideas centered on religion. Humanism focused on the ideas and actions of individuals and became a new way of thinking. Artists pictured a more realistic view of the world, and scientists, such as Copernicus and Galileo, developed new ideas about the Earth The movable-type printing press (Johannes Gutenberg) and writing in the vernacular helped new ideas reach a wide audience throughout Europe. Artists: 1. Pieter Brueghel – painted common people in daily life. 2. Leonardo da Vinci – Mona Lisa and The Last Supper 3. Michelangelo Buonarroti – Sistine Chapel, sculptures of Moses and David Writers: 1. Castiglione – The Courtier 2. Leonardo da Vinci – notebooks with ideas and drawings 3. William Shakespeare – plays and poems 4. Machiavelli – The Prince 5. Thomas More – creating a better society 6. Erasmus – creating a better society Scientists: 1. Galileo Galilei – telescope, scientific method 2. Nicolaus Copernicus – Earth revolves around the Sun 3. Leonardo da Vinci – parachute, flying machine 4. Johannes Gutenberg – invented the printing press Patrons: 1. Medici family 2. Other wealthy merchant families The Reformation Essential Questions: What were the causes of the Reformation? What changes occurred as a result of the Reformation? Key Vocabulary: Indulgences Heresy Protestant Reformation In 1517, Martin Luther called for the Catholic Church to reform, or change o He nailed his 95 Theses, or statements of opinion, to the Castle Church For years, many Church leaders had abused their power (Pope Leo X – sold positions and charged for confessions) In 1521, after refusing to change his statements against the Church, Luther was found guilty of heresy and was excommunicated. Luther gained support and this reform movement was known as the Reformation. Catholic leaders tried to stop the Reformation, but Luther’s supporters protested – they soon were known as Protestants. The Reformation spread from Germany to other parts of Europe, soon dividing Europe into Catholic and Protestant states. Result of the Reformation Protestant Countries Catholic Countries Germany Spain Norway Portugal Sweden Italy Denmark France England Ireland Scotland Austria The Netherlands Poland Hungary DO NOW: WB p. 131