* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Name:
Survey
Document related concepts
Geomorphology wikipedia , lookup
Post-glacial rebound wikipedia , lookup
Geochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Spherical Earth wikipedia , lookup
History of geomagnetism wikipedia , lookup
Magnetotellurics wikipedia , lookup
Schiehallion experiment wikipedia , lookup
History of Earth wikipedia , lookup
Large igneous province wikipedia , lookup
History of geology wikipedia , lookup
Age of the Earth wikipedia , lookup
Mantle plume wikipedia , lookup
History of geodesy wikipedia , lookup
Plate tectonics wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Guided Reading: Period: Earth’s Internal Start on page 567, §23.2 “Earth’s Internal Layers” and answer Properties the following questions Name: Date: as you read: 1. In 1909, the Croatian seismologist Andrija Mohorovicic presented the first convincing evidence that the Earth’s “innards” are __________________. 2. Studying seismographic data from a recent earthquake, he discovered that the ______________ __________ generated by a quake suddenly picked up ______________ at a certain depth below the surface. 3. Knowing that the speeds of the waves depend on the ________________ of the material they pass through, Mohorovicic concluded that the speed increase he observed was due to _________________ in the density of the Earth. 4. What does the Mohorovicic discontinuity (“Moho”) separate? 5. The core (of the Earth) is composed mostly of ___________ and _____________. 6. In the ______________ core, the iron and nickel are ______________. 7. Although the inner core is very hot, intense pressure from the weight of the rest of the ____________ prevents the material of the inner core from ______________. 8. Because less weight is exerted on the ____________ core, the pressure is less here, with the result that the iron and nickel are _________________. 9. The molten core flows at the low rate of several kilometers per ____________. 10. This flow is evident far outside the Earth’s surface as it generates the _______________ ______________ that powers the Earth’s ________________ ____________. 11. Surrounding the core of the planet is the ______________, a rocky layer some ___________ kilometers thick. 12. Composed of hot, iron-rich silicate rocks, the mantle behaves like ____________, which means that it responds in a _________________ manner. 13. The upper portion of the mantle, which extends from the ___________ – __________ boundary down to a depth of about 350 kilometers, has two zones, as Figure 23.7 shows. 14. The lower part of the upper mantle, called the _________________________, is especially plastic. 15. Thermal convection currents in the asthenosphere contribute to its gradual _________. The constant flowing movements in the asthenosphere greatly affect the _______________ features of our planet. 16. Situated above the asthenosphere is the ________________________. This layer is about 100 km thick and includes the entire ______________ and the uppermost portion of the ______________ (Figure 23.7). 17. Unlike the asthenosphere, the lithosphere is relatively ____________ and _____________ and resists deformation, instead of flowing. 18. The lithosphere is, in a sense, floating on top of the ______________________ like a raft on a pond and is carried along by the motions of the _______________ in the asthenosphere. 19. The motions in the asthenosphere are not uniform, and because of this, as we shall see later in this chapter, the brittle ____________________ is broken into many individual pieces called ______________. 20. The movement of the lithospheric plates cause ____________________, ________________ activity, and the deformation of large masses of rock that create _____________________. 21. The uppermost portion of the lithosphere, the portion on which we live, is the ______________. 22. The density, composition, and thickness of the _____________ vary markedly from the deep ____________ basins to the lofty ___________________ plateaus. 23. If __________________ crust is so much thicker than _____________ crust, why are ocean basins underwater and the continents high and dry? The answer is found in their ________________ differences and _________________ (Chapter 5). 24. Define the principal of isostasy: