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SS8 – Pathways
EarlyMid1 – Rise of Rome
Rise of Rome
Despite its small size, the people of Europe have
had an enormous impact on world culture.
Ancient cultures such as the Greeks, Romans,
Franks, Saxons and Vikings have all contributed to
the modern “western” culture that exists today.
European history is the rise and fall of these
cultures, some by force, some by religious changes
and some by social or cultural changes.
After the Greeks fell to the Romans in 150 B.C.,
the Romans dominated almost all of Europe for
more than 6 Centuries (600 years).
Under the Romans, Europe flourished.
Latin became a common language and Roman law
applied to everyone allowing trade to expand.
SS8 – Pathways
- Early Mid1 – Student Handout – Rise of Rome
The Rise of Rome
The great Greek conqueror, Alexander
the Great had planned to march west to
Italy after he finished with Persia. He
died before this plan was carried out. As
it turned out, armies from Italy marched
east and took over much of the land
Alexander had conquered.
Italy had been settled by people from
the north, from Asia Minor, and from
Greece. The northerners were called
Latins. They learned much from the
other people of Italy. They worshiped
the Greek gods though they gave these gods new names. Writing and government were also
modeled after the Greeks. The people of Asia Minor taught them to build good roads. All
these things helped the people of Italy.
Like so many other places, the area of Italy began with many city-states. The city of Rome
was more powerful than any other. Because it was built on seven hills, it was protected
from its enemies. It used this safety to become a center of trade for most of Italy. By
270 B.C., Rome had taken control of most of the other city-states. It made these cities pay
taxes to Rome and supply soldiers for Rome’s army. In return, Rome protected them from
attack by other nations.
Rome began to look for more lands to control. War broke out between Rome and Carthage
in northern Africa. Carthage had been a Phoencian colony and had become strong. This war
lasted on and off for about sixty-two years. Finally Rome destroyed Carthage and was on
its way to becoming more powerful. During the seventy-five years that followed, Rome
fought and defeated Macedonia, Spain, and Greece. Roman rule went as far as Asia Minor
and Egypt. The Hebrew nation of Palestine also became part of the Roman Empire.
When Rome captured an area, it was made a province. This meant that Rome governed it
and received tax money and soldiers from that area. Many Romans in government used this
tax money for their own good and became very wealthy. These wealthy people then bought
large farms and used slaves to do the work. In this way they became even wealthier. As
more and more slaves were used for work, the poor people couldn’t find jobs. This soon lead
to troubles for Rome.
Rome Becomes Great
One of Rome’s many accomplishments was a new form of government. The people of Rome
were ruled by a republic, which is a government elected by the people. As in Greece, the
wealthy people had the most to say about government. They elected the men who formed
the Senate. These lawmakers were elected for life. The senators also chose two consuls to
rule Rome for a year at a time.
At first the poor people had little to say about the government of Rome. Finally a plan was
worked out to include the common people. They could choose two tribunes to represent
them. If the tribunes felt a law was bad for the common people, they could turn it down, no
matter what the Senate said. The tribunes also had the laws written down so everyone
knew just what the laws were.
Most tribunes tried hard to help the people. Sometimes, though, when a tribune tried too
hard, members of the Senate would have him murdered. One famous tribune killed himself
when he heard the plans of his murder.
Roman schools were an improvement over those of other nations. They helped carry on the
ideas of the Greeks as well as start new ideas. These schools trained boys to become
lawyers, book-keepers, and government workers. Education helped Rome become great.
The Language of Rome was itself a new idea. Latin was spoken by Romans and all the people
they conquered. Many modern languages such as French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese
came from the Latin of Rome. For many hundreds of years, Latin was the language used by
writers all over Europe. It is still the official language of the Catholic Church all over the
world. Many prescriptions written by doctors today are still written in Latin.
Rome became great for other reasons as well.
Roman law spread over all the world the Romans
knew. The Roman calendar was better than
older calendars and remained in use for over a
thousand years. Rome followed the example of
Persia and made roads connecting all parts of
their empire. Some of these roads are still
used even though they are over 2,000 years old!
Many Roman buildings still stand too. Roman
aqueducts for carrying water from the
mountains to the cities are still bringing water
thirsty people in Rome today.
SS8 – Pathways
Early Mid1 – Rise of Rome Assignment
Rise of Rome Assignment
Directions: Read the handout entitled The Rise of Rome and then answer the following
questions using COMPLETE SENTENCES.
1.
Vocabulary. Provide definitions for the following words.
Latins - People also known as the northerners.
Rome - city in Italy, center of trade and capital of the Roman Empire
Carthage – city in northern Africa, Phoencian colony
Province- an area captured, governed and taxed by the Romans
Republic - a government elected by the people
Senate- the elected politicians (law makers)
Aqueducts – canals that bring water to an area.
2. Answer the following questions.
a.
What happened when Rome conquered an area, and what did that region now
have to do for Rome? ( 2 mks for quality of thought and inclusion of details)
They governed it, taxed it and sometimes took slaves to work the land for the wealthy
Romans. The region was now under Roman law. Often slaves were made to fight for the
Romans.
b. In your own words, describe the difference between a Senator and a Tribune.
(2 mks for quality of answer)
Tribunes (2 of them) were elected by the common people to represent the commoners. They
could veto laws if they felt the laws hurt the common people.
Senators were elected for life and were the law-makers. They were often from the
wealthiest of the Romans.
c. Describe some of the things that were created or developed during the Roman
Empire that are still around or used today. (2 mks for 2 descriptions)
cement, calendar with leap years, the institutions of Christianity, Byzantine architecture.
The extensive system of roads, Astrology comes to us directly from the Romans, form of
government, legal thinking from Roman law, science of public administration, formalized
methods of tax collection.
3. Using the maps included in your handout as well as your readings,
complete the crossword puzzle found opposite. 5 marks for a correctly
completed crossword.
Total: ____/ 18
Rise of Rome Crossword Puzzle
Across
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This ocean is found west of the country of Gaul.
This continent is found south of the Mediterranean Sea.
This river in Africa starts in the south and flows north to empty into the Mediterranean Sea.
The Roman Empire controlled only half of this large island off the west coast of Europe (2 words)
Which of these controlled the most land; the Roman REPUBLIC or the EMPIRE?
This body of water was surrounded by the Roman Empire (2 words)
This narrow channel separates Spain from Africa (3 words)
Down
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14.
This chain of mountains runs along the Italian peninsula.
This famous Greek city-state is shown on the map.
South of the island of Sardinia was this city-state, which was destroyed by Rome.
These mountains lie between Italy and Gaul.
This city is the centre of the Roman Empire.
This body of water lies between Italy and Greece.
This peninsula lies south of the Black Sea (2 words).
This large island is found south of Greece.
Most of the Roman Empire lies on this continent.
The Danube Rive flows into this body of water (2 words)
This river was near the northern border of the Roman Empire.