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Transcript
Roman Expansion, 396 to 146 BC 1. Roman Republic Army a. Make up of Army i. Landowning ____________________________ ii. Provided … iii. Mainly infantry => iv. Citizens were on call for up to _________________ years of service => b. Tactics => 2. Rome leaves the Seven Hills, 396-310 BC a. First expanded eastward, to ________________________ coast b. Romans then expanded northward and … c. Genius of the Romans i. Rather than enslave the conquered people, Romans … ii. Their allies gave them ___________________ and _____________________ to help Rome fight and conquer more! d. Romans also established ______________________ to claim land 3. Roman control of all of Italy a. By 310 BC, Rome controlled all of Italy except the heel => i. By 290 BC, however, most of the … ii. This provoked war with _______________________ b. Consolidation of Southern Italy, 280-271 BC i. Five year war with _______________, a Greek King ii. Greeks used ____________________________ phalanx, which the Romans had never seen iii. Although Romans lost the battles, they won the war => 4. Punic Wars (264-146 BC) a. Background to Punic Wars i. By 265 BC, Rome controlled _________________ & _______________________________ ii. Brought them into conflict with ______________________ 1. Former colony of ________________________ 2. As an independent state, they dominated . . . iii. Punic Wars defined the Romans, just as the Persian Wars defined the Greeks 1. Persian Wars led to … 2. Punic Wars led to … b. First Punic War (264-241 BC) i. Cause 1. Sicily was divided between… 2. Carthage invaded Greek side => 3. Inevitable conflict – Yes or No? => ii. Romans won land battles but… iii. Developed _____________ to fight on sea, based on shipwrecked Carthaginian ship iv. Tactics 1. Turned naval battles into land battles 2. Corvus => v. Outcome of First Punic War 1. Romans lost . . . 2. BUT Carthage suffered … a. Forced off _____________________ b. Forced to pay reparations => c. Forced to free . . . c. The Second Punic War (218-201 BC) i. Causes of the Second Punic War 1. Continued … 2. Rome expanded north of Italy and … 3. Carthage expanded its holdings in ______________ 4. Alarmed, a Greek city state in Spain . . . ii. Carthaginians on a rampage 1. Hannibal => a. Defeated Romans in ____________ b. Then invaded Italy through Alps => 2. For ten years, he defeated every Roman Army he fought 3. But he couldn’t take _______________! => 4. Rome ______________________ survived 5. Finally, Hannibal retreated to Carthage and was ___________________________ iii. Outcome of Second Punic War 1. Carthage forced to give up ________________ and all __________________ in Med 2. Numidia (African kingdom) became ___________________ of Rome 3. Rome invaded & conquered _________________________ in retaliation for their allying with Carthage 4. Carthage forced to pay . . . 5. Carthage agreed never to wage war … d. Third Punic War (149-146 BC) i. Cause of Third Punic War 1. Over time, Carthage recovered from war => 2. Perceiving threat, Roman Senator Cato ended every speech . . . 3. Rome ordered Carthage to . . . 4. Rome then ordered Carthage to . . . 5. Rome provoked the war to ____________________ Carthage ii. 146 BC – Carthage was besieged 1. Citizens fought … 2. Romans conquered city a. Destroyed city… b. Enslaved ... c. Sowed salt in ground => d. Made north Africa a _____________________ e. Legacy of Punic Wars i. Rome was … ii. Maintained overseas possessions in Spain . . .