Download Unit 5 Vocabulary #3

Unit 5 Vocabulary #3
AP World History
1. Politburo – Executive committee of the Soviet Communist party; 20 members
2. Helsinki Accords - A 1975 political and human rights agreement signed in Helsinki,
Finland, by Western European countries and the Soviet Union
3. Hubble Space Telescope - Optical telescope that was placed in Earth orbit by the
space shuttle in 1990. Hubble now produces accurate images of bodies that cannot be
observed clearly by terrestrial telescopes due to atmospheric distortion.
4. International Space Station - A vehicle sponsored by sixteen nations that circles the
earth while carrying out experiments
5. Service Industries - Occupations that provide a service rather than a manufactured or
agricultural product
6. Sputnik - World's first artificial satellite, launched by the Soviet Union on October 4,
1957. Weighing 83.5kg (184lb) and with a radio transmitter, Sputnik 1 circled the Earth
for several months.
7. Cubism - A school of art in which persons and objects are represented by geometric
forms
8. Balfour Declaration – British minister Lord Balfour’s promise of support for the
establishment of Jewish settlement in Palestine issued in 1917
9. Twenty-one Demands - Twenty-one Demands (1915), instrument by which Japan
secured temporary hegemony over China. Japan used its declaration of war against
Germany (Aug., 1914) as grounds for invading Kiaochow, the German leasehold in
Shandong prov., China. Disregarding the Chinese request to withdraw, Japan secretly
presented (1915) President Yüan Shih-kai with an ultimatum comprising 21 demands
divided into five sections
10. Mass consumerism - Trade in products designed to appeal to a global market
11. National Organization of Women (NOW) - U.S. organization founded in 1969 to
campaign for women’s rights
12. New Deal - U.S. President Roosevelt’s program to relieve the economic problems of
the Great Depression; it increased government involvement in the society of the United
States
13. Neocolonialism – the continuation of the economic model of colonialism after a
colonized territory has achieved formal political independence. This concept was applied
most commonly to Africa in the latter half of the twentieth century.
14. Welfare state - A nation in which the government plays an active role in providing
services such as social security to its citizens
15. Green Revolution - A program of improved irrigation methods and the introduction
of high-yield seeds and fertilizers and pesticides to improve agricultural production; the
Green Revolution was especially successful in Asia but also was used in Latin America
16. Guest workers - Workers form North Africa and Asia who migrated to Europe
during the late twentieth century in search of employment; some guest workers settled in
Europe permanently
17. Ozone depletion - The thinning of the layer of the gas ozone high in the earth’s
atmosphere; ozone serves as a protection against the sun’s ultraviolet rays
18. Coup d’état - Sudden overthrow of a government
19. Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere - The pseudo-political and economic
union of Japanese-dominated Asian and Pacific territories during World War II. By the
end of the war, the Co-Prosperity Sphere had become an object of hatred and ridicule.
Unit 5 Vocabulary #3
AP World History
20. Weimar Republic - The republic that was established in Germany in 1919 and
ended in 1933.
21. Viet Minh - Communist-dominated Vietnamese nationalist movement; operated out
of base in southern China during WW II; employed guerilla tactics similar to Maoists in
China.
22. Propaganda - Information or material spread to advance a cause or to damage an
opponent’s cause.
23. European Union - Began as European Economic Community (or Common Market),
an alliance of Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, to
create a single economic entity across national boundaries in 1958; later joined by Britain,
Ireland, Denmark, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Sweden, Austria, Finland, and other nations
for further European economic integration.
24. Viet Cong - Name given by the Diem regime to the communist guerilla movement in
southern Vietnam; reorganized with northern Vietnamese assistance as the National
Liberation Front in 1958.
25. African National Congress – Black political organization within South Africa;
pressed for end to policies of apartheid; sought open democracy leading to black majority
rule; until 1990s declared illegal
26. Free Officers Movement - Military nationalist movement in Egypt founded in the
1930s; often allied with the Muslim Brotherhood; led coup to seize Egyptian government
from khedive in July 1952
27. Dien Bien Phu - Most significant victory of the Viet Minh over French colonial
forces in 1954; gave the Viet Minh control of northern Vietnam
28. National Liberation Front (FLN) - Radical nationalist movement in Algeria;
launched sustained guerilla was against France in the 1950s; success of tactics led to
independence of Algeria in 1958
29. Afrikaner National Party – Emerged as the majority party in the all-white South
African legislature after 1948; advocated complete independence from Britain; favored a
rigid system of racial segregation called apartheid
30. Muslim League – Founded in 1906 to better support demands of Muslims for
separate electorates and legislative seats in Hindu-dominated India; represented division
within Indian nationalist movement
31. Atlantic Charter of 1941 – World War II alliance agreement between the United
States and Britain; included a clause that recognized the right of all people to choose the
form of government under which they live; indicated sympathy for decolonization
32. Total War – A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources
to the war effort.
33. Vichy – French collaborationist government established in 1940 in southern France
following defeat of French armies by the Germans
* Spelling counts to some extent for each word.