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Transcript
AHLT100 – Medical Terminology Chapter 15 – The Endocrine System General Information about the Endocrine System: The Endocrine System is _______________________________ The Endocrine System produces ____________________ that are released directly into the _____________________ Hormones are _________________________that regulate specific body functions. The hormones in the endocrine system keep the body in ______________________ (balance) Hormones function by a __________________________________________________ system. Each hormone acts __________on a specific organ or organ system Where specific __________________ sites accept the hormone Structures of the Endocrine System include: 1. Hypothalamus o located in the brain just below the ___________________ o functions as part of the endocrine system and the ___________________ system o Secretes substances that stimulate or _____________________ the secretion of hormones produced by the _______________________ pituitary gland. 2. Pituitary Gland often called the _____________________________ location: ________________________________________________________ Made up of two glands: __________________ pituitary gland and _________________ pituitary gland. Hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland include: a. __________ – thyroid stimulating hormone b. __________– follicle stimulating hormone c. __________– luteinizing hormone d. Prolactin e. __________ – growth hormone Hormones produced by the posterior pituitary gland include: a. Oxytocin b. ___________ – antidiuretic hormone NOV 2010 Revised Winter 2011 -1- 3. Pineal Gland location: posterior to the hypothalamus in the midbrain Secretes melatonin, a hormone that has a role in promoting sleep. 4. Thyroid Gland location: ______________________________ on either side of and across the surface of the trachea hormones produced and functions T3 – triiodothyronine – ____________________________________________________ T4 – thyroxine 5. Parathyroid Gland location: ___________round bodies on the ___________________________ side of the thyroid gland Hormone: __________________________ hormone – regulates level of calcium in the blood & removes Ca from bone and deposits it in the blood 6. Thymus Gland location: in the thoracic cavity posterior to the sternum Hormone: thymosin - causes immature T lymphocytes to develop and mature. Shrinks with age 7. Pancreas location: ____________________ posterior to the stomach Hormones produced and function: _________________________ –breaks down glycogen into glucose ________________________- is secreted when blood glucose is high; transports glucose to & into the cell 8. Adrenal Gland Location: _________________________________ Consists of two parts – the outer part or ______________________ and the inner part or _____________________ Hormones secreted by the adrenal gland include: aldosterone cortisol or hydrocortisone androgens epinephrine or adrenaline norepinephrine or noradrenaline NOV 2010 Revised Winter 2011 -2- 9. Ovaries location: in the pelvic cavity on either side of the uterus hormones produced and function 1. estradiol (estrogen) 2. progesterone 3. testosterone (very small amounts) 10. Testes location: outside the body in the scrotum hormones produced and function: testosterone and a very tiny amount of estrogen Word Part Focus for the Endocrine System: Word Root / Combining Form: acr/oaden/oadren/o; adrenal/oandr/ocalc/icongenit/ocrin/odem/odextr/odiabet/odips/ogonad/o gluc/o; glyc/oket/olact/o mast/oox/ypancreat/osomat/otoxic/othym/othyr/o; thyroid/otroph/oNOV 2010 Revised Winter 2011 -3- trop/oPrefixes & Suffixes: anti-crine di-drome -emia endoeuhypohyper-megaly polyAbbreviations: DM FBS GH GTT HbA1c IDDM K Na NIDDM T4 TSH diabetes mellitus fasting blood sugar growth hormone glucose tolerance test hemoglobin A1c insulin dependent diabetes mellitus potassium sodium non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus thyroxine thyroid stimulating hormone VOCABULARY REVIEW: Symptoms, Signs, and Diseases gigantism Acromegaly dwarfism Diabetes Insipidus NOV 2010 Revised Winter 2011 -4- goiter Grave’s disease exophthalmos Myxedema cretinism Hypercalcemia Hypocalcemia Diabetes Mellitus (DM) hyperglycemia hypoglycemia Glycosuria Polyuria Polydipsia Polyphagia neuropathy nephropathy retinopathy Cushing’s syndrome Addison’s disease virilism hirsutism hypersecretion hyposecretion NOV 2010 Revised Winter 2011 -5- inhibition receptor Diagnostic Procedures fasting blood sugar Blood test done after a 12 hour fast to determine blood levels of glucose glucose self-testing Testing done by the patient to measure blood glucose levels glucose tolerance test hemoglobin A1c Blood test administered after patient is given a drink with high levels of glucose to determine how quickly the blood levels of glucose drop A blood test to determine whether the patient’s blood glucose levels have been in the normal range for the last month A test using a special strip that measures glucose levels in urine urine dipstick Medical and Surgical Procedures ADA diet fine needle biopsy thyroidectomy Drug Categories Anti-diabetic drugs Anti-thyroid drugs insulin thyroid supplement drugs NOV 2010 Revised Winter 2011 -6-