Download AH100 – Medical Terminology

AHLT100 – Medical Terminology
Chapter 15 – The Endocrine System
General Information about the Endocrine System:

The Endocrine System is _______________________________

The Endocrine System produces ____________________ that are released directly into the
_____________________

Hormones are _________________________that regulate specific body functions.

The hormones in the endocrine system keep the body in ______________________ (balance)

Hormones function by a __________________________________________________ system.

Each hormone acts __________on a specific organ or organ system

Where specific __________________ sites accept the hormone
Structures of the Endocrine System include:
1.
Hypothalamus
o located in the brain just below the ___________________
o functions as part of the endocrine system and the ___________________ system
o Secretes substances that stimulate or _____________________ the secretion of hormones
produced by the _______________________ pituitary gland.
2.
Pituitary Gland
 often called the _____________________________

location: ________________________________________________________

Made up of two glands: __________________ pituitary gland and _________________
pituitary gland.

Hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland include:
a. __________ – thyroid stimulating hormone
b. __________– follicle stimulating hormone
c. __________– luteinizing hormone
d. Prolactin
e. __________ – growth hormone

Hormones produced by the posterior pituitary gland include:
a. Oxytocin
b. ___________ – antidiuretic hormone
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Revised Winter 2011
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3.
Pineal Gland
 location: posterior to the hypothalamus in the midbrain
 Secretes melatonin, a hormone that has a role in promoting sleep.
4.
Thyroid Gland
 location: ______________________________
 on either side of and across the surface of the trachea
 hormones produced and functions
T3 – triiodothyronine – ____________________________________________________
T4 – thyroxine
5.
Parathyroid Gland
 location: ___________round bodies


on the ___________________________ side of the thyroid gland
Hormone: __________________________ hormone – regulates level of calcium in the blood
& removes Ca from bone and deposits it in the blood
6.
Thymus Gland
 location: in the thoracic cavity posterior to the sternum
 Hormone: thymosin - causes immature T lymphocytes to develop and mature.
 Shrinks with age
7.
Pancreas


location: ____________________
 posterior to the stomach
Hormones produced and function:
_________________________ –breaks down glycogen into glucose
________________________- is secreted when blood glucose is high; transports glucose to
& into the cell
8.
Adrenal Gland
 Location: _________________________________
 Consists of two parts – the outer part or ______________________ and the inner part or
_____________________

Hormones secreted by the adrenal gland include:
 aldosterone
 cortisol or hydrocortisone
 androgens
 epinephrine or adrenaline
 norepinephrine or noradrenaline
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Revised Winter 2011
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9.
Ovaries
 location: in the pelvic cavity on either side of the uterus
 hormones produced and function
1. estradiol (estrogen)
2. progesterone
3. testosterone (very small amounts)
10.
Testes
 location: outside the body in the scrotum
 hormones produced and function: testosterone and a very tiny amount of estrogen
Word Part Focus for the Endocrine System: Word Root / Combining Form:
acr/oaden/oadren/o; adrenal/oandr/ocalc/icongenit/ocrin/odem/odextr/odiabet/odips/ogonad/o
gluc/o; glyc/oket/olact/o mast/oox/ypancreat/osomat/otoxic/othym/othyr/o; thyroid/otroph/oNOV 2010
Revised Winter 2011
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trop/oPrefixes & Suffixes:
anti-crine
di-drome
-emia
endoeuhypohyper-megaly
polyAbbreviations:
DM
FBS
GH
GTT
HbA1c
IDDM
K
Na
NIDDM
T4
TSH
diabetes mellitus
fasting blood sugar
growth hormone
glucose tolerance test
hemoglobin A1c
insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
potassium
sodium
non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
thyroxine
thyroid stimulating hormone
VOCABULARY REVIEW: Symptoms, Signs, and Diseases
gigantism
Acromegaly
dwarfism
Diabetes Insipidus
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goiter
Grave’s disease
exophthalmos
Myxedema
cretinism
Hypercalcemia
Hypocalcemia
Diabetes Mellitus
(DM)
hyperglycemia
hypoglycemia
Glycosuria
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
neuropathy
nephropathy
retinopathy
Cushing’s syndrome
Addison’s disease
virilism
hirsutism
hypersecretion
hyposecretion
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inhibition
receptor
Diagnostic Procedures
fasting blood sugar
Blood test done after a 12 hour fast to determine blood levels of glucose
glucose self-testing
Testing done by the patient to measure blood glucose levels
glucose tolerance
test
hemoglobin A1c
Blood test administered after patient is given a drink with high levels of
glucose to determine how quickly the blood levels of glucose drop
A blood test to determine whether the patient’s blood glucose levels have
been in the normal range for the last month
A test using a special strip that measures glucose levels in urine
urine dipstick
Medical and Surgical Procedures
ADA diet
fine needle biopsy
thyroidectomy
Drug Categories
Anti-diabetic drugs
Anti-thyroid drugs
insulin
thyroid supplement
drugs
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