Download Genetics Test - WOHS Biology

Genetics Test
Friday, March 12th, 2010
-Please use all of you hand outs to study and review.
-Copy or rewrite the work problems and practice them.
-Use your original paper as the key.
-See me if you need to verify the answers.
-Need to also know the vocabulary and how to use the word.
- Chapter 10 Assessment p278-279 and Chapter 12 Assessment p334-335
Meiosis, Section 10.2 pages p263-273 (Study Guide p277)
 Meiosis is the first step in genetics and important to understand where we get the gametes from. For example,
when we make punnett squares, the Gg or GG or gg are the gametes from one individual. They separate to pass
on only one to their offspring. One from each parent form the offspring.
 One sex cell results in four genetically different gametes.
 What is the purpose of Meiosis?
 In your own words, explain why the recombination of genes are important to sexual reproduction.
 Do not need to memorize the process for this test.
 What is Nondisjunction? Give examples of individuals that have resulted due to nondisjunction.(Ex: Down’s Syndrome)
 What is Polyploidy? Give examples of benefits of polyploidy in plants? (Ex: Apples)
Mendel’s Law of Heredity, Section 10.1 pages 253-262 (Study Guide p277)
 Difference between sex cells (gametes) and body cells (somatic cells)
 Why did Mendel choose pea plants?
 Self and Cross pollination
 Phenotypes, (ratio and percentage) and genotype, (ratio and percentage)
 Difference between pure and hybrid
 When to use a monohybrid cross and the punnett square to predict offspring probability.
 P, F1 and F2 generation results when two pure parents of different variation of the genes are crossed . (Ex: tall x short)
 When to use Dihybrid cross and the punnett square predict offspring probability.
 What is recessive and what is dominant? (rule of dominance)
 Law of Segregation
 Law of Independent Assortment
Applied Genetics, Section 13.1 pages 337-340 (Study Guide p357)
 Why would selective breeding be used?
 List the pros and cons of inbreeding (pure) and hydrids (like a “mut” in dogs)
 Why is a test cross performed?
 How would one determine what phenotype of an organism to use to perform a test cross with?
Recombinant DNA Technology, Section 13.2 pages 341-348 (Study Guide p357)
 Transgenic Organisms and Genetic Engineering
 Restriction Enzymes, Vectors, and Insertio into a vector
 Why is Genetic Engineering used?
 Application of DNA
Mendelian Inheritance of Human Traits, Section 12.1 pages 309-314(Study Guide p333)
 Analyzing a pedigree (book and notes from class)
 Human Pattern of Inheritance: Recessive, Dominant and Sex Linked
 Examples of Disorders presented in class
Complex Inheritance of Human Traits, Section 12.3 pages 323-329 (Study Guide p333)
 Why can Sickle Cell be considered recessive and codominant?
 Why can brood types be considered recessive (BO, AO), co dominant (AB), and fall under the category of Multiple
Alleles?
 Codominance
 Multiple Alleles
 Understanding and explain the idea of Polygenic Inheritance in humans.(p320)
 Examples of changes in chromosomal numbers (nondisjunction)
When Heredity Follows Different Rules, Section 12.2 pages 315-322 (Study Guide p333)
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Why are these patterns so complex?
Incomplete dominance
Codominance
Sex-Linked and determination
Environmental Influences
Polygenic Inheritance