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TEAMS-GAMES-TOURNAMENT: REPRODUCTION UNIT REVIEW
ANSWER SHEET
1. What are the 3 parts of the cell theory?
 all living things are made of one or more cells and
their products
 the cell is the simplest unit that can carry out life
processes
 all cells come from other cells (not from non-living
matter)
2. What organelle acts like the “highway”, transporting
materials throughout the cell?
 Endoplasmic Reticulum
3. If the diagram to the right represents a PLANT cell, what organelle is represented by
the letter M? What is the function of this organelle?
 nucleolus
4. Many chemicals that act as poisons work by affecting the functioning of
mitochondria. Why do such poisons cause an organism to
die?
 Mitochondria are essential for cellular respiration so
if they don’t work properly, the organism won’t be
able to use the energy it has stored. There will be no
energy for the organism to do all its tasks.
5. If the diagram to the right represents an ANIMAL cell,
what organelle is represented by the letter A? What is the
function of this organelle?
 Golgi Apparatus
6. What is interphase and why is it important for the process of cell division?
 the time when a cell prepares for cell division. The DNA is copied which is
important so that each new nucleus will have a complete set of chromosomes.
7. What stage of mitosis is illustrated in the diagram to the right? How do
you know?
 anaphase: the chromatids are moving to opposite sides of the
nucleus
8. During prophase, the nuclear membrane dissolves. It reforms during telophase.
Explain why this action is important for cell division.

dissolving allows the chromatids to move within the cell
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
reforming creates 2 new nuclei
9. Explain why animals and plants are made of billions or trillions of microscopic cells
rather than a few large cells.

when cells are too large, it is difficult for nutrients to come all the way into the
cell and for wastes to leave the cell quickly enough (because osmosis and
diffusion take time)
10.You can often smell food cooking even though you may be several rooms away from
the kitchen. What process is responsible for the odour spreading through the
house? Explain your answer.

diffusion: the gas molecules are spreading from the area of high concentration
(where the cooking is happening) to areas of low concentration (other rooms)
11.Describe three ways in which a cancer cell differs from a noncancerous cell.

cancer cells never stop dividing; regular cells only divide 50-60 times

cancer cells continue to divide even if they are damaged; regular cells don’t

cancer cells don’t stick to other cells; regular cells will join up with other cells
as appropriate;
12.Identify and describe:
a) A technology that would be used to diagnose cancer
 x-rays: uses electromagnetic radiation to allow us to see inside the body
 MRI: uses magnetic fields to see inside the body
b) A technology that would be used to treat cancer
 radiation: high energy electromagnetic radiation is aimed at the cancerous
cells to kill them
 chemotherapy: strong chemicals are given that attack the cancerous cells
(and some other body cells)
13.Some organelles in a single celled organism perform functions similar to those of
organ systems in a human body. For each of the organelles listed below, choose an
organ or organ system that performs a similar function. Explain each of your
choices.
a) Endoplasmic reticulum - circulatory system since the ER transports things
through the cell and the circulatory system transports things through the body
b) Golgi bodies: digestive system (stomach & small intestine) because proteins are
packaged/digested there
c) Cytoplasm – muscles since allows organelles to be moved around and gives form
to the cell
14.Where do all of the different cells in our bodies come from? In your answer, use the
term stem cell, specialized tissue, differentiate, organ and adult.
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
In a human embryo, when embryonic stem cells divide, they differentiate into
the different types of cells which create our specialized tissue. These tissues
form our organs which we have as adults.
15.Nerve cells have long, fibre-like projections and red blood cells are thick and disk
shaped. Explain how their differences in structure are related to the different
functions they perform.
 the long branches of nerve cells allow them to send electrical impulses easily
through the entire body while the disk shape of red blood cells allows them to
move easily through the veins, arteries and capillaries.
16.When people have pneumonia, their alveoli become inflamed and the air spaces
within them become clogged. What symptoms would the patient show? Explain
your answer.
 they would be short of breath because the space in the lungs has been reduced
 they would cough because the inflammation would irritate the airway
17.Imagine that doctors identified a disease that causes the smooth muscles in the
human body to stop working. What consequences would this disease have for the
person suffering from it?
 since smooth muscles are responsible for many involuntary muscle processes,
the person would have trouble in the digestive tract (moving food from one
place to another), wouldn’t be able to control when they urinate and their blood
vessels wouldn’t be able to contract.
18.Treatment for bladder cancer often involves chemotherapy which uses chemicals to
attack certain cells. Explain how each of the following methods of chemotherapy will
interfere with the rapidly growing cancer cells.
a) A chemical that blocks the replication of DNA
 will prevent the cancer cells from duplicating their
chromosomes so that when they divide, the new cells
won’t have any DNA and will die
b) A chemical that prevents the formation of spindle fibres
 the duplicated chromosomes won’t be able to move to
opposite sides of the cell during metaphase so when the
two new cells form, neither will have a complete/correct
nucleus
19.Identify two functions of the structure labelled H in the
diagram to the right.
 absorbs water from the waste
 transport waste out of the body
20.Examine the diagram to the right. Explain how the nervous and digestive systems
work together to accomplish a task with respect to the organ labelled G.
 Your nerves sense when there is food in the stomach and send messages for
digestive enzymes/chemicals to be released and for the stomach to begin to
churn to digest the food. Nerves also sense and regulate when the food should
leave the stomach
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21.Explain what biophotonics is and what it is used for. How is this technology
beneficial? What are some disadvantages associated with the technology?
 uses the interaction of light with body tissue to diagnose and treat
abnormalities
 allows doctors to see inside the gastrointestinal tract to diagnose problems or
to do surgery

22.Explain the difference between embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Why are
stem cells so important to scientists?
 embryonic stem cells can differentiate into any
type of cell while adult stem cells can only
differentiate into certain types
 they are important because scientists can use
them to create new organs for people who need
transplants; they are also useful for the treatment
of cancer, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease
and others
23.Examine the diagram of the heart to the right. Match
the correct label to each letter on the diagram.
a) Deoxygenated blood to lungs: F
b) Oxygenated blood to body: G
c) Oxygenated blood from lungs: H
d) Deoxygenated blood from body: I/A
24.Examine the diagram of the heart to the right. What does the letter G represent?
How is the structure of this vessel well suited to its function?
 the aorta
 it is made partly of elastic tissue so it can stretch as the blood pressure
increase to prevent tearing
25.Explain how each plant tissue has a similar function to the organ or organ system in
the human body.
a) Dermal tissue and human skin
 cover the outside of the organism and protect it
b) Vascular tissue and the circulatory system
 transport nutrients and other things around the organism
c) Ground tissue and the skeletal system
 provide strength and support
26.Identify whether each of the following is a cell (or part of a cell), tissue, organ or
system and state its function.
a) root hair: cell that absorb water and minerals from the soil
b) epidermis: tissue that forms protective outer covering of a plant and allows the
exchange of materials and gases
c) leaf: organ that manufactures the plant’s food
d) xylem vessel: cells that conduct water and minerals from roots to leaves
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e) fibrous roots: system that absorb water and nutrients, store excess sugars and
anchor the plant in place
27.Examine the diagram of the respiratory system to the
right. Identify the structure labelled D. Explain the
role this structure plays in inhalation and exhalation.
 diaphragm
 when you breathe in, it contracts
downwards, making more space where the
lungs are so they expand
28.Explain how a vaccination against a disease helps to
prevent it.
 it gives you a few bacteria or virus cells of the
disease that are either very weak or dead; then
your immune system can build antibodies against the disease so if you ever get
it, you’ll be able to fight it.
29.Plants and animals, including humans, are made of specialized cells, tissues and
organs that are organized into systems. How can heart disease affect organs in other
systems?
 If the heart is diseased, blood circulation is not as efficient. This means that it
will take longer for oxygen and nutrients to reach the different areas of the
body and it will take longer for wastes to be removed. All organ systems will
suffer because of this.
30.Examine the diagram to the right. Explain how the circulatory
and respiratory systems work together to accomplish the task of
gas exchange.

The air comes into the lungs and goes to the alveoli where
the fresh oxygen goes through the capillary walls into the
blood and the carbon dioxide leaves the blood and goes into
the alveoli. The excel carbon dioxide is the breathed out
and the oxygenated blood is carried by the circulatory system to the rest of the
body