* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Deep Space Mystery Note Form 2
Corona Australis wikipedia , lookup
Rare Earth hypothesis wikipedia , lookup
History of Solar System formation and evolution hypotheses wikipedia , lookup
Corona Borealis wikipedia , lookup
Formation and evolution of the Solar System wikipedia , lookup
History of astronomy wikipedia , lookup
Observational astronomy wikipedia , lookup
Gamma-ray burst wikipedia , lookup
International Ultraviolet Explorer wikipedia , lookup
Theoretical astronomy wikipedia , lookup
Cassiopeia (constellation) wikipedia , lookup
Dyson sphere wikipedia , lookup
Astronomical naming conventions wikipedia , lookup
Planetary habitability wikipedia , lookup
Star of Bethlehem wikipedia , lookup
Crab Nebula wikipedia , lookup
Cygnus (constellation) wikipedia , lookup
Aquarius (constellation) wikipedia , lookup
Perseus (constellation) wikipedia , lookup
Cosmic distance ladder wikipedia , lookup
H II region wikipedia , lookup
Astronomical spectroscopy wikipedia , lookup
Stellar kinematics wikipedia , lookup
Future of an expanding universe wikipedia , lookup
Corvus (constellation) wikipedia , lookup
Star formation wikipedia , lookup
Timeline of astronomy wikipedia , lookup
NAME: Maya Deep Space Mystery Note Form 2 1. Complete one form for each website that you use. 2. Copy and paste the website URL here: Resource 2- April 14th 2011 Supernovae http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/space/universe/supernovae-article.html 3. Complete the table below (add more rows for additional paragraphs. Underline key information in the original paragraphs. Write bullet points (nuggets) in your own words in the summary/comment column. Use the guide questions column to keep track of your questions as you read. 4. Complete the summary paragraph. Original Paragraphs Title A supernova is an energetic explosive event, the death of a massive star. There are different types of supernova, and they are created in two different ways. Astronomers have witnessed supernovae in many nearby galaxies; however, they are relatively rare events in our galaxy. The star goes bang in the cosmic night, and after a luminous and colourful display that lasts for weeks or months it fades away from view. The giant star runs out of fuel and collapses in on itself, and ultimately the explosion leads to its death. Our Sun is not massive enough to blow itself into pieces. The Sun will expand to a red giant, turn into a planetary nebula, white dwarf and eventually end its life as a black dwarf. There are different types of supernova, and they are created in two different ways. When a star with a mass a few times larger than our Sun runs out of fuel towards the end of its lifetime, it turns into a red super giant that collapses. If the star’s iron core is massive, enough it will become a supernova. This star ends up as a neutron star or even a black hole. A neutron star is extremely dense, and it contains the remains of the star’s compressed core of a star which has exploded. Summary/Comments Who? What? When? Where? Why? How? Two types Supernovae have been seen in our solar system before but the are rare here They see supernovae in nearby galaxies. Lasts for weeks. Collapses on itself. Sun will expand to a red giant then a planetary nebula and then a white dwarf and then and then a black dwarf. It is not big enough. Different types, created in different ways. Some of the less bigger stars turn into red super giants. Ends up as neutron star of black hole Guide Questions A supernova can also be created when a white dwarf star has drawn enough material from a companion star to raise its core temperature enough to ignite carbon fusion. The violent explosion of a massive star makes the expanding gases to glow briefly and brightly. During this short interval, a supernova can radiate as much energy as our Sun could emit over its life span. The explosion expels much or all of the star’s material and causes a shock wave into the surrounding interstellar medium. The interstellar medium is the gas and dust that exists between the stars within a galaxy. Astronomers have witnessed supernovae in many nearby galaxies; however, they are relatively rare events in our galaxy. In a galaxy like the Milky Way, it only occurs about once every 50 years. Supernovae have been recorded as far back as 185 A.D., when Chinese astronomers recorded a shortlived star. Supernovae have played an important role in superstition, and the appearance of a supernova was taken as a sign to the end of the world, or as a punishment of an angry God. The last supernovae to be seen in the Milky Way was Kepler’s Supernova which was first observed in 1604 (also known as Supernova 1604 or Kepler’s Star). Since then no supernova has been indisputably observed in our galaxy, though many outside our galaxy has. The supernova remnant from Kepler’s Star is still studied. A supernova remnant is what is left after the explosion. The remnants play an important role and all the elements heavier than boron is made in either a star or a supernova explosion. The remnants heat up the gas and dust between stars, and distribute heavy elements throughout the Galaxy. If it were not for the remnants there would be no Sun or Earth, so we are made of stardust. We are made of the same elements that stars are made of, and these elements are released when a star explodes. Another famous remnant is the Crab Nebula, which exploded in 1054, and the Cygnus Loop. In 1987 there was a supernova explosion in the Large Magellanic Cloud – Supernova 1987 A. Astronomers learn about the size of the universe Another type when a dwarf star has drawn enough material from another star, then it has enough core temperature to ingnite carbon fusion. Outshine an entire galaxy Give out as much energy as the sun can in a life time. Shock wave is produced. Witnessed supernovae in other nearby galaxies. Occurs here once every 50 years. Keplers supernova- 1604 That was the last one. Remnants from that star are still studied. Remnants are what is left of a supernova explosion. Remnats heat up the gases and dusts between the stars. Supernovae place heavy elements. With out Remnats there would be no sun no earth and no us, because we are made of some of the same elements that stars are made of and that stuff is released with a star explodes. Crab Nebula- 1054 Large Magellanic Cloud 1987 Created a lot of materials in and the bodies in it when they are studying supernovae. Supernovae created the materials in the Solar System, and a supernova will probably destroy our solar system. the universe and will probably destroy our solar system. Summary Information What is a Supernova Dying star Witnessed supernovae in other nearby galaxies. Occurs here once every 50 years. Outshine an entire galaxy Give out as much energy as the sun can in a life time. Type I Type 1 When the core’s fusion process runs out of fuel, it messes with the constent gravitational pull. Outward pressure drops and then it is unbalanced with more gravity. The core starts to condense. Shrinking at the core continues Becomes red super giant. Shrinks too much, a series of nuclear reactions is unleashed. Says around for a bit. Start swelling and growing to become that. The core could have temperatures of billions of degrees Celsius. Iron atoms are so squeezed so much. The forces of their nuclei create a recoil of the squeezed core. Then is the supernova. Type II Type II Binary stars are when there are two stars and they revolve around each other. In these systems supernovas occur also. Stars up to eight times the mass of our sun usually evolve into white dwarfs. A star that is condensed to this size has a very strong gravitational pull. With that gravity, if the second star is close enough, it can pull material from there. White dwarf gets a lot of mass Chandrasekhar Limit Pressure on the center will make the star explode. Thermonuclear means: nuclear reactions that occur only at very high temperatures. Black holes and neutron stars Because of the big transfer of matter and energy, there is a different star. Small core of neutrons Spinning neutron star. Neutrons produce radio waves in a steady stream or random bursts. Stars 10 times the sun will leave a black hole. Leave behind a large core. With no energy fuse, it doesn’t have any out ward pressure so it gets engulfed in it’s own gravity and it turns into a Black hole History Occurs here once every 50 years. Keplers supernova- 1604 That was the last one. Crab Nebula- 1054 Large Magellanic Cloud – 1987 Effects Remnants from that star are still studied. Remnants are what is left of a supernova explosion. Remnats heat up the gases and dusts between the stars. Supernovae place heavy elements. With out Remnats there would be no sun no earth and no us, because we are made of some of the same elements that stars are made of and that stuff is released with a star explodes. Can be in the sky for weeks Throw matter into space 9000, to 25,000 miles per second. Produce a lot of the material in the universe Iron that is produced makes our planet and even ourselves. Add elements to space clouds. Helps new stars form will probably destroy our solar system.