Download MWNF - Sharing History

TIMELINE / Before 1800 to After 1930 / ECONOMY AND TRADE
Date
Country
Theme
Early 1800s
United Arab Emirates (Sharjah)
Economy And Trade
The Qawasim possess a fleet of over 700 long-distance trading vessels, venturing all over the Gulf as
well as in India and East Africa.
Around 1805
United Arab Emirates (Sharjah)
Economy And Trade
The Qawasim demand tribute from the British East India Company in exchange for navigational rights
in the Gulf; the British then begin military interventions aimed at destroying the economic hegemony
of the Qawasim in the Lower Gulf region.
1810 - 1830
Tunisia
Economy And Trade
Situated at the confluence of the seas of the Mediterranean, Tunis is seen as a great commercial city
that many of her neighbours fear. Food and luxury goods are in abundance and considerable fortunes
are created through international trade and the trade-race at sea.
1815 - 1859
Italy
Economy And Trade
Italy is an agricultural country. Political fragmentation is an obstacle to trade and economic
development. The different states use not only different currencies, but also different systems of
measurement.
1815 - 1848
France
Economy And Trade
The development of transport networks: the creation of railway lines from 1832, expansion of the
road network and construction of a large number of canals.
1815 - 1848
France
Economy And Trade
The pace of industrialisation picks up significantly: millions of tons of coal and iron are produced and
production in the textile industry is enhanced by the Jacquard loom.
1816 - 1830
France
Economy And Trade
The rise of the Stock Exchange in Paris, the financial capital of Europe.
1820 - 1870
France
Economy And Trade
An exponential growth in agriculture sees increased land cultivation, mechanisation and expansion of
crops grown for fodder.
After 1820
United Arab Emirates (Sharjah)
Economy And Trade
Pearling becomes the major industry of the Qawasim and other sheikhdoms of the Arab littoral of the
Gulf; exports provide the most important revenues.
1820s - 1850s
Italy
Economy And Trade
Industrialisation begins at a slower pace compared with other Western European countries. It
concentrates in Northern Italy (Piedmont, Lombardy) and in the Kingdom of Two Sicilies. Silk
production is the strongest industrial sector.
1821
Austria
Economy And Trade
In Trieste, Josef Ressel equips the steamship Civetta with a ship’s propeller for the first time.
1829
Romania
Economy And Trade
14 September: the Treaty of Edirne annuls the Ottoman monopoly on Wallachia and Moldavia’s
commerce.
1829
United Kingdom
Economy And Trade
The Treaty of Adrianople, following a Russian-Turkish war, opens up the Black Sea to international
trade. Trebizond becomes a major port for Persia and India. Constantinople, Smyrna (Izmir) and
Aleppo, which have been major international trading communities for many centuries now, flourish
with the expansion of steam power.
1829
Spain
Economy And Trade
The Banco Español de San Fernando absorbs the highly indebted Banco Nacional de San Carlos,
founded in 1782, thus becoming in fact the first Spanish bank. The bank continues as such until
1856, when it becomes Banco de España, the central Bank of Spain.
1830 - 1840
Germany
Economy And Trade
Industrialisation and the Industrial Revolution.
1831
Spain
Economy And Trade
Foundation of the Madrid stock exchange (Bolsa de Madrid), driven by the state's need to raise funds
to cover, among other things, debts arising from the Carlist wars.
1832
Spain
Economy And Trade
Mechanisation of the textile industry in Catalonia with the introduction of steam-powered machines.
Progress in the textile industry continues in Catalonia until the 1920 crisis.
1832
Portugal
Economy And Trade
Statesman and jurist José Mouzinho da Silveira (1780–1851) abolishes old taxes over real estate
income, privileges and immunities detrimental to the kingdom’s economy. He creates the Tribunal do
Tesouro Público for tax collection and Treasury administration. He defines the powers of the Minister
of Finance and regulates Customs administration, among other reforms.
1833 - 1835
Portugal
Economy And Trade
18 September: The first Commercial Code by jurist José Ferreira Borges grants free trade and
distribution of goods, abolishing monopolies, privileges and real estate transfer taxes. Article 2
defines a commercial act and the nature of intervening actors.
1834
Egypt
Economy And Trade
A Khedival Decree promulgates the issue of an Egyptian currency consisting of a bi-metallic base of
gold and silver. The Egyptian pound, known as the geneih is introduced, which replaces the Egyptian
piastre (ersh) as the main unit of currency.
1836 - 1842
Portugal
Economy And Trade
Under the framework of liberal Setembrismo, which seeks to fight against corruption and the
privileges of the elite, an industrialisation process is promoted and protectionist customs taxes are
adopted. One of the main reasons is to reduce the import of English products. The colonisation of
African possessions is also developed.
1837
Spain
Economy And Trade
The feudal system had been abolished under the Cádiz Constitution of 1812 but not completely
enacted until 1837.
1837 - 1844
Spain
Economy And Trade
First state confiscation and sale of Church properties known, after the minister who developed the
law, as Desamortización de Mendizábal (Mendizábal's Disentailment) to fund the Carlist war.
1840
Romania
Economy And Trade
Austrian engineers Karol and Rafael Hoffmann and Carol Maderspach initiate the extraction of coal in
the Jiu Valley (south Transylvania), which was and still is the main coal-mining region of Romania.
1841
Lebanon
Economy And Trade
Teams of spinners are brought from France to train young women. This was a real social revolution in
this rural and traditional part of the country. According to G. Ducousso’s book The Silk Industry in
Syria and Lebanon (1912), the French Consul in Beirut counted no fewer than 183 spinning mills in
Lebanon.
1841
Greece
Economy And Trade
The National Bank of Greece is founded.
1841
United Kingdom
Economy And Trade
The Ottoman Bank is founded in this year, registered in London, to channel overseas investment in
the Ottoman Empire.
1843
Turkey
Economy And Trade
The first successful attempt to open a modern bank in the Empire. Smyrna Bank is established by
foreign merchants (English, French, Austrian, Dutch, Russian, American, Italian, Danish, Spanish and
Greek) under the Swedish Consulate in Izmir in order to diminish their dependence on other
merchants and bankers. It is closed in the same year for operating without permission.
1844 - 1846
Spain
Economy And Trade
British interests in raw material – iron and coal – lead to the foundation of the iron and steel industry
in Bilbao and Santander and industrial exploitation of the coal mines in Asturias.
1844
Portugal
Economy And Trade
Foundation of the National Tobacco Company in Xabregas, Lisbon. Following the 18th-century
tendency, the profits of tobacco manufacturing and trade became the major source of revenue for
oligarchic businessmen (known as the Caixas) seeking its control. The monopoly was rented out by
the state, usually on a triennial base.
1844
Turkey
Economy And Trade
Monetary reform. Ottomans accept bimetallism. Lira, mecidiye and kuruş become official units. 100
kuruş are equal to one Ottoman lira. Silver mecidiyes equal to 20 kuruş are issued.
1846
Romania
Economy And Trade
The rulers of Moldavia and Wallachia, Mihail Sturdza and Gheorghe Bibescu, sign a convention that
stipulates the abolishment of the customs between the two countries. The convention becomes
effective in January 1847.
1846
Portugal
Economy And Trade
Merger of Banco de Lisboa and the investment company Companhia Confiança Nacional (1844–46)
creating Banco de Portugal, which by 1887 shares the right to issue banknotes with other
institutions. By 1891, Banco de Portugal becomes the sole issuer of bank notes for the mainland, the
Azores and Madeira.
1849
Portugal
Economy And Trade
The Tribunal de Contas (Supreme Audit Institution), the independent financial control department, is
separated from the financial administration. The public accounts are verified by the Tribunal de
Contas and approved by Parliament.
1850 - 1860
France
Economy And Trade
Foundation of numerous banks: the Crédit Industriel et Commercial (1859), the Credit Lyonnais
(1863) and the Société générale (1864).
1850 - 1900
Austria
Economy And Trade
The majority of fezzes worn as modern headgear in the Ottoman Empire during the second half of
the 19th century are produced in the Austrian Empire.
1851
Portugal
Economy And Trade
Launch of an ambitious plan of modernisation and the stable Regeneration period mostly led by
Minister Fontes Pereira de Melo (1819–87) (and named Fontism after him) Infrastructure building,
industrial production and business laws are promoted. Porto wine production and trade thrives and
exports increase until the 1860s.
1853 - 1890
Lebanon
Economy And Trade
Antun Bey Najjar, a merchant who made his fortune in Constantinople, builds Khan Antun Bey in
1853. It becomes a great business center and the building served for many institutions such as
Beirut’s foreign consulates, the Ottoman administration, postal services, merchants’ offices and
Beirut’s first bank, Imperial Ottoman.
1853
Germany
Economy And Trade
Levi Strauss & Co founds the first company to manufacture blue jeans.
1854
Turkey
Economy And Trade
Ottoman Empire obtains its first foreign loan.
1855 - 1867
Spain
Economy And Trade
The Madoz law introduced in 1855 provides for the state confiscation and sale of the rest of the
Church properties and also of municipal properties.
1856
Romania
Economy And Trade
The internationalisation of the Danube through the Treaty of Paris has a positive influence on the
development of Romanian commerce.
1856
Turkey
Economy And Trade
The Ottoman Bank is established by English capitalists with capital of ₤500,000 (equivalent to about
US$52 million in 2007). Established on a small scale, the bank becomes an imperial bank by 1863.
1857
Romania
Economy And Trade
March: the first oil refinery in Romania is built by Teodor Mehedinţeanu at Râfov, Prahova.
1857 - 1859
Germany
Economy And Trade
The Great Depression, which starts in the United states with the panic of 1857, represents the first
global economic crisis.
1858
Austria
Economy And Trade
A unified silver currency the Guilder (Gulden) is introduced throughout the Austrian-Hungarian
Empire.
1860 - 1863
Tunisia
Economy And Trade
Restoration of the Zaghouan Aqueduct, Tunisia’s largest water-service network, allows supply to the
capital and its suburbs.
1860 - 1921
Jordan
Economy And Trade
Palestinian and Damascene merchants have long-established trade relations with Transjordan
villages. There is a steady trade between al-Salt and Nablus, Karak and Hebron and between Ma’an
and Gaza. Large families of these merchants move to these towns. They build many structures and
become major landowners and form the elite of Transjordan society. These merchants become the
dominant economic force and open up Transjordan to regional trade.
1862
Italy
Economy And Trade
Law on the unification of currencies passed: the lira becomes the Italian currency.
1864
Romania
Economy And Trade
27 October: foundation of the Romanian Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
1864
Portugal
Economy And Trade
Banco Nacional Ultramarino is established in Lisbon, as the issuing bank for Portuguese overseas
territories. BNU has a significant role in supporting the economic development of the country and the
former colonies. Its savings, investment and issuing role facilitates the currency circulation
throughout them.
1864
Portugal
Economy And Trade
The unpopular tobacco monopoly is ended by parliamentary law. Hereafter tobacco will be auctioned
and exploited by those offering the best price to the state. Some of the main tobacco companies
merge into bigger companies to ensure its exploration. The Companhia Lisbonense de Tabacos,
founded in 1865, becomes a major player.
1866
Italy
Economy And Trade
A law confiscates the properties of religious orders and congregations, and establishes a state fund to
support the clergy and monks.
1866
Spain
Economy And Trade
Financial crisis during the last years of Queen Isabel II's government because of public investments
in the construction of the railway.
1866 - 1905
Germany
Economy And Trade
Henri Nestlé founds the company Nestlé, which becomes the world’s largest corporation for
comestible goods.
1866 - 1871
Germany
Economy And Trade
Formation of the North German Confederation in 1866/7 sees a federation of the 22 independent
states of northern Germany, with nearly 30 million inhabitants. It was the first modern German
nation-state and the basis for the later German Empire (1871–1918).
1866
Turkey
Economy And Trade
Romania
Economy And Trade
İzmir-Aydın railway is built.
1867
4 May: proclamation of the law for the introduction of a new monetary system and for the issuing of
national coins; 1870 is the year when the first Romanian coins are minted in Romania having
previously been minted abroad.
1867
Italy
Economy And Trade
Law on the abolition of religious bodies: the real estate properties of 25,000 religious bodies are
auctioned.
1867
Portugal
Economy And Trade
First phylloxera disease reaches the Portugal countryside. Porto wine and Portuguese wine production
in general is reduced dramatically. This disease causes economic, financial and social distress and
leads to the abandonment of vineyard farms. The loss of revenues and unemployment increases
emigration, especially to Brazil.
1867 - 1880
Portugal
Economy And Trade
Phylloxera Commission created by the government in order to protect vineyards from the disease. To
combat the disease demands new methods of planting and production. New organisations of wine
producers claim from central government the preservation of regional varieties as well as the
definition and defence of Port and Douro wine “Denominação de Origem Controlada”.
After 1869
United Arab Emirates (Sharjah)
Economy And Trade
Banyan (Hindu) merchants from British India increase their commercial, shipping and banking
activities throughout the Trucial Coast, particularly within the pearling sector. Soon the Banyan
becomes the main financiers, controlling all processes involving the preparation and pricing of pearls
for export to Europe.
Around 1870 - Around
1920
United Arab Emirates (Sharjah)
Economy And Trade
The period marks the peak of the pearling industry as the main export-commodity industry of the
Gulf region.
1870
Germany
Economy And Trade
The Deutsche Bank is founded by Georg von Siemens.
1870 - 1913
Germany
Economy And Trade
The rail network transforms German industry, and merchant shipping multiplies.
From 1871
Germany
Economy And Trade
The capital market is enlivened by France’s payment of 5 million French francs, paid to Germany as
compensation following the war between the two countries (1870–1).
From 1871 - 1914
Germany
Economy And Trade
Germany’s industrial production is now six times what it had been.
1871
Turkey
Economy And Trade
Ottoman railway policy is formulated by the decree of Sultan Abdülaziz to establish a main line
between İstanbul and Baghdad, with secondary lines to the Black Sea and Mediterranean coasts.
1872
Austria
Economy And Trade
Foundation of the Austrian Agricultural University in Vienna.
1873 - 1877
Tunisia
Economy And Trade
Khayr al-Din undertakes reform of the Tunisian economy.
1873
Greece
Economy And Trade
Foundation of the Greek Stock Market.
1873
Spain
Economy And Trade
Development of the Minas de Riotinto (Huelva, Andalucía). Bought by a British company, the mines
bring important economic progress to this region. The dangerous chemicals used in metal extraction
spark the first environmental protest by mine workers. (The first fooball match took place in this
mine, thanks to the British engineers.)
1873
Germany
Economy And Trade
The Krupp Corporation is the largest industrial concern in Europe.
1873 - 1880
Germany
Economy And Trade
The economic crash known as the Gründerkrise sees companies and banks shut down and a rise in
unemployment and social dissatisfaction.
1873
Lebanon
Economy And Trade
Beirut Water Works factory is founded, providing water for daily use by the Lebanese people, taking
water from Nahr al-Kalb and distributing it through an extensive water network.
1875
United Arab Emirates (Sharjah)
Economy And Trade
Gray, Paul and Co, a British Company, establishes a shipping office in Lingah, a city within Qawasim
territory, located on the Persian littoral of the Arabian Gulf. The port first served for mail delivery and
as a transshipment centre for traffic to and from Bahrain and the Trucial Coast. Later until 1902 all
pearls from the Trucial Coast were exported to British India via this port.
1875 - 1887
United Arab Emirates (Sharjah)
Economy And Trade
Lingah, on the Persian littoral of the Gulf, serves as a conduit for the Trucial Coast’s imports from
British India, including cloth, coffee, flour and rice. It is governed as a free port under Qawasim
administration.
1875 - 1876
Egypt
Economy And Trade
In December 1875 Stephen Cave and John Stokes are sent by the British Government to inquire into
the finances of Egypt. Their report, published in April 1876, advises that in view of the perceived
“waste and extravagance” it is necessary for foreign powers to interfere to restore credit.
1875 - 1876
Portugal
Economy And Trade
In 1875 the French government convenes the Diplomatic Conference of the Metre that proclaims the
Metre Convention. Portugal receives the tenth copies of the metric and kilogram standards.
1879
United Arab Emirates (Sharjah)
Economy And Trade
A British-enforced Treaty is signed to ensure the mutual surrender of fraudulently absconding debtors
in the pearling industry. It is signed by the Trucial Sheikhs in the presence of Haji Abdul Rahman, the
Residency Agent at Sharjah, and Haji Abdul al-Qasimi, the Residency Munshi who had been deputed
from Bushire to convey the directives of the British Resident.
1879
Germany
Economy And Trade
The German Empire moves from a free-trade system to protective duty.
1880
Romania
Economy And Trade
29 April: promulgation of the law for the founding of the National Bank of Romania.
1880 - 1920
France
Economy And Trade
The industrial boom is fuelled by technological innovations (i.e. electricity, cinema, the car and
aeroplane). Advances in metallurgy results in construction of the Eiffel Tower in 1889.
1880 - 1887
Italy
Economy And Trade
Italy is hit by the international agricultural crisis and annual per capita income decreases.
1881 - 1920
Tunisia
Economy And Trade
Crises, both within the country’s social structures and the national economy, are the result of the
protectorate’s grip over all the regency’s administration.
1881
United Kingdom
Economy And Trade
When the Ottoman Empire is declared bankrupt, an Ottoman Public Debt Commission is established
made up of an international body – mainly British, French and German – to manage the Empire’s
finances. This becomes a form of veiled European control of Turkey’s economy. This followed a
similar imposition of financial control over Egypt’s finances.
1881
Austria
Economy And Trade
The Osterreichische-Alpine Montan-Gesellschaft is founded to mine the rich iron resources of northwest Styria.
1883 - 1903
Egypt
Economy And Trade
The Egyptian Exchange, one of the oldest stock markets in the Middle East, traces its origins to 1883
when the Alexandria Stock Exchange is established, followed by the Cairo Stock Exchange in 1903.
1884 - 1919
Lebanon
Economy And Trade
The old Egyptian port undergoes several important changes: buildings are extended, a commercial
tribunal is constructed, and the land area is expanded by infilling with rocks brought by railway from
Nahr al-Kalb.
1885
Egypt
Economy And Trade
Alexandria’s Futures Market is one of the oldest in the world. The first recorded local cotton
transaction takes place in 1885 in Café de l’Europe on the Place des Consuls, later renamed
Muhammad ‘Ali Square. It is here that cotton merchants meet and cut deals based on supply and
demand for the long staple, Karnak and Menuf, or the short to medium staple, Ashmuni, Giza and
Zagora. Over the years, deals extend to cottonseed varieties such as Hull, Afifi and Sakellaridis.
1887
Italy
Economy And Trade
Adoption of a protectionist policy aimed at boosting industrial development.
1887
Italy
Economy And Trade
Federation of Italian Cooperatives is funded (from 1893 known as the League of Cooperatives).
1888 - 1893
Tunisia
Economy And Trade
Completion of the Port of La Goulette. After five years in construction, the port complex opens to
trade on 28 May 1893.
1888 - 1890
Tariff war with France.
Italy
Economy And Trade
1888
Turkey
Economy And Trade
The Agricultural Bank (Ziraat Bankası) is founded as the first state-funded bank of the empire.
1891
Tunisia
Economy And Trade
Monetary reform: the administration of the protectorate decides to replace the Tunisian monetary
unit the “piastre” with the French Franc.
1891
Greece
Economy And Trade
An insurance company for sea transportation is founded on the island of Chios.
1892 - 1914
Tunisia
Economy And Trade
Development of a railway network connecting the city of Tunis with its hinterland.
1892
Portugal
Economy And Trade
13 June: bankruptcy is declared in Portugal causing tremendous popular outrage. The deficit in the
public finances, the dependence on foreign funding and incipient industrialisation are contributing
factors to this crisis.
1893 - 1894
Italy
Economy And Trade
A comprehensive law on banking establishes the Bank of Italy, which starts operating on 1 January
1894.
1894 - 1913
Italy
Economy And Trade
The chemical industry takes off. The production of fertilisers grows from 85,700 tons in 1894 to 1
million tons in 1913.
1895
Romania
Economy And Trade
Promulgation of the Mining Law, which stipulates separation between the ownership of land and of
the subsoil resources, which, except for oil, belong to the state. Concessions of oil exploitation by the
state (in cases where the owner of the land did not want to do it) are regulated.
1895 - 1913
Italy
Economy And Trade
Major growth of iron and steel industry: cast iron production rises from 9,000 tons in 1895 to
426,000 tons in 1913; steel production rises from 50,000 tons in 1895 to 933,000 tons in 1913.
1896 - 1914
Italy
Economy And Trade
Sustained economic growth (except for short crises in 1900 and 1907–08); industrialisation makes a
leap forward.
1898
Portugal
Economy And Trade
Industrialist Alfredo da Silva refounds CUF (Companhia União Fabril), in Barreiro in the beginning of
the 20th century. CUF produced soap, candles and vegetable oils, later becoming a leader of the
fertilizer and other chemical products sector. Da Silva gave residential quarters and free education to
all his employees nationwide.
1899
United Arab Emirates (Sharjah)
Economy And Trade
By 1899 private British, French and other European arms dealers import some 20,000 rifles into the
Trucial Coast region and Oman annually.
1899
Italy
In Turin, Giovanni Agnelli founds the car factory FIAT.
Economy And Trade
1899
Egypt
Economy And Trade
The National Bank of Egypt introduces notes in denominations of 50 piasters, and one, five, ten, 50
and 100 Egyptian pounds.
1900
France
Economy And Trade
The first line of the Paris Metro is built for the second Universal Exhibition.
1900 - 1909
Italy
Economy And Trade
Annual per capita income increases by 18.5% during the decade because of industrialisation.
1901
Greece
Economy And Trade
The Greek Chamber of Commerce is founded in Alexandria, Egypt, with Emmanouil Benakis as its
president.
1902
United Arab Emirates (Sharjah)
Economy And Trade
The Qawasim and other sheikhs of the Arab littoral agree by Treaty to prohibit the import of arms
into their territories.
Around 1914 - 1918
Germany
Economy And Trade
In 1914 Germany becomes the biggest industrial nation within Europe as a result of munitions
production before and during World War I.
1905
Italy
Economy And Trade
Nationalisation of the railways.
1909
Egypt
Economy And Trade
Trading had hardly started that day (30 April) at Shari‘ al-Borsa al-Jadida or New Bourse Street when
it was announced that Raphael Suares, the leading laissez-faire banker-industrialist in Egypt, had
passed away. The Bourse closed for the rest of the day. It was largely thanks to Saures’ efforts that
Cairo had a bourse in the first place. His unexpected and early death meant that Suares missed by
only a few months the imposition of the first ever bourse regulations.
1911
United Arab Emirates (Sharjah)
Economy And Trade
The Qawasim and other sheikhs of the Arab littoral sign a Treaty with the British that enjoins them to
request permission from the British Resident in the Arabian Gulf prior to responding to foreign
requests for pearling or sponge-fishing rights along the Trucial Coast.
1912
Italy
Economy And Trade
Law establishes state monopoly of life insurance and creates the Istituto nazionale delle assicurazioni
(INA).
1914
Qatar
Economy And Trade
Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim regulates the activity of pearling. He issued and publishes the first written
document on pearling activities identifying the start and the end dates of the season and the dividend
rates of workers in pearling dhows.
1914s
United Arab Emirates (Sharjah)
Economy And Trade
Around 1914, 80 per cent of the Trucial Coast’s labour force is involved in the wider pearling sector,
including 950 major pearl merchants, 1,300 pearling ship-owners and some 21,000 general
employees. The remainder are employed in agriculture, fisheries and other forms of commerce. Gulf
pearling exports amount to 2 million pounds sterling.
1914 - 1920
Spain
Economy And Trade
Due to Spain's neutrality in World War I, the economy witnesses increased production and industrial
growth. The end of the war produces the beginning of a crisis that causes the end of the monarchy in
1931.
1914 - 1926
Portugal
Economy And Trade
Crisis of the First Republic (1914–26). Lack of political stability due to the absence of parliamentary
majorities able to undertake much-needed reforms, together with the political consequences of
Portugal’s participation in World War I from 1916, contributes to the deterioration of the economic
situation, hastening the fall of the Republican regime.
1915 - 1918
Italy
Economy And Trade
When the war breaks out, the state takes a leading role in organising industrial production. Dramatic
growth of steel, mechanic, chemical and textile productions. Workers in industries of strategic value
are submitted to military discipline.
1916 - 1917
Egypt
Economy And Trade
More paper currency enters circulation: the 25 piaster together with the five and 10 piaster.
1919 - 1920
Lebanon
Economy And Trade
New currency is adopted when the Lebanese Bank is linked to the Syrian Bank.
1921
Italy
Economy And Trade
Electricity production is 4,450 million kWh.
1924
Austria
Economy And Trade
The counterstamp of Austrian Maria Theresia Thaler (“MTT”) is seen on silver bullion coins from the
Arabian mint in Najd.
1925
Qatar
Economy And Trade
Sanat al-Tabaa: the year in which a relentless storm hits Qatar and the Gulf region, destroying many
of the pearling and fishing fleets and killing more that 8,000 people.
1932
Qatar
Economy And Trade
Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim grants the Anglo-Persian Oil Company a two-year exploration licence in
Qatar.
1940
Qatar
Economy And Trade
Dukhan, Qatar, Oil Well No. 1 completed at a depth of 1,733 m, producing around 4,480 barrels of oil
per day.