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Do not write on this test. Write out all answers on a separate piece of paper and put your name and
block on it.
Unit A: Earth's Surface
Rocks and Minerals Chapter 3; Weathering and Soil Formation Chapter 4; Erosion and Deposition:
Chapter 5.
Select the term that best completes the statement using the word bank below. Some words may be
used more than once. Each statement is worth 2 points.
streak
abrasion
diamond
creep
slump
drainage basin
plants
desert pavement
sandbar
chemical
minerals
metamorphic
fossils
weathering
texture
deposition
alluvial fan
floodplain
horizon
dune
waves
sedimentary
classifying
round
rock cycle
gems
calcite
mass wasting
cavern
sinkhole
rust
loess
mechanical
magma
composition
small
make up
gold
mica
mudflow
delta
stream
quartz
longshore current
igneous
luster
crop rotation
big
magnetite
hardness
erosion
rockslide
divide
barrier island
crystal
longshore drift
lava
pumice
climate(s)
tall
Complete the statements/questions below.
1. All rocks can be divided into (three) 3 main groups according to the way they are formed; they are
_________________________________, _________________________________, and
___________________________________.
2. What is hot, liquid rock called after it has come out of a volcano? _______________________.
3. What is the hardest natural substance on earth?___________________________________.
4. What do you call the way a rock or mineral reflects light? ______________________________.
5. Name a type of igneous rock that floats.___________________________________.
6. What force uses wind and water to wear down rocks? _________________________________.
7. Rocks are made up of one or more ___________________________________.
8. What do you call hot, liquid rock that is still inside the earth? __________________________.
9. What do you call a line drawn with a rock on a special porcelain plate? __________________.
10. What kind of rocks have been changed by heat and pressure inside the earth?
___________________________________.
11. Separating rocks and minerals into different groups according to color, texture, and luster is called
___________________________________.
12. What kind of rock is formed when magma or lava cools and hardens? ____________________.
13. What do call plants and animals that are preserved in rocks? ___________________________.
14. What kind of rock is formed in layers, usually at the bottom of an ocean or lake?
___________________________________.
15. What do you call the way a rock or mineral feels? ___________________________________.
16. A(n) ___________________________________ is a basin that forms when a thin cavern roof
suddenly falls in.
17. A ridge separating land areas that drain into different stream systems is called a(n)
___________________________________.
18. When a river overflows, water will cover the flat area of land around its banks. This flat area is
called a(n) ___________________________________.
19. ___________________________________ describes the overall direction and movement of
waves that strike the shore at an angle.
20. The changing of rocks from one kind to another over millions of years is called the
___________________________________.
21. Name the two types of weathering: ______________________ & ____________________.
22. The slowest form of mass movement of soil or debris is called _________________________.
23. A(n) ___________________________________ is the area of land from which water drains into
a stream system.
24. A stream that slows and deposits sediments to the base of a mountain creates a(n)
___________________________________.
25. The break up of rocks by physical forces is ___________________ weathering.
26. A fast flowing river wears away small particles from the rocks in its bed. This is an example of
___________________________________.
27. Tropical, desert, temperature, and arctic soils all have different characteristics because of their
different ___________________________________.
28. Chemical weathering changes a rock's ___________________________________.
29. Most of the matter that breaks down to form humus comes from _______________________.
30. Once every few years, a farmer plants bean crops instead of what in the fields. The farmer is
practicing soil conservation through ___________________________________.
31. ___________________________________ is the general term describing the downhill
movement of rock or soil.
32. Heavy rains mix with the soil on a mountain slope. This fluid mixture then runs downhill. This is
an example of ___________________________________.
33. ___________________________________ is the process in which sediment that has been
picked up and carried is placed in a new location.
34. Soil and debris slide down the side of a hill shaped like a spoon. This is an example of
___________________________________.
35. At the mouth of the Mississippi River, a large ___________________________________ has
formed from sediments that have been deposited over millions of years.
36. An iron containing mineral that has a magnetic field is _________________________.
37. Rare rocks and minerals that are used in jewelry are _________________________.
38. The resistance to a mineral to scratching is ________________________________.
39. A heavy element used in coins and jewelry is __________________________.
40. The zigzag movement of sand along a beach resulting from waves that wash ashore at an angle
is called ___________________________________________.
True or False. Please write down the complete word either true or false. Each item is worth one
point each.
41. Rocks and minerals are valuable natural resources
42. Quartz is a very soft mineral.
43. The Hawaiian Islands were formed by volcanoes.
44. Crystals are always the same size and shape.
45. Much of the surface of the earth was formed by volcanic activity.
46. Make a Venn Diagram to compare and contrast alluvial fans and deltas. 5 points
47. What effect would a barrier island have on the shoreline of the mainland? (Remember to restate
the question in your answer.) 5 points
48. Create a complete soil profile and list one component for each profile. 5 points