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Ecology Part 1 Review
1. List the following levels of the biosphere in order from specific to general: species, biome,
ecosystem, community, biosphere and population.
Also, give a brief description and definition of the levels. For example:
a. Biosphere = part of the land, sea, & atmosphere occupied by living things.
b. Biome = Large geographical area of distinctive plant and animal groups that are
adapted for the environment
c. Ecosystem= a biologic system containing all the biotic and abiotic components of an area
d. Community = All of the biotic components in an area
e. Population= A group of the same species living in the same area
f. Species = Organisms that can reproduce with each other and create offspring that are
able to reproduce
2. Biotic factors are_______ (living or nonliving) and abiotic factors are __________ (living or
nonliving). Also include at least two examples of each.
Biotic- Oak Tree and Rabbit
Abiotic- Temperature and Rocks
Matching: A. Omnivore B. Autotroph C. Producer D. Heterotroph E. Decomposer
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
___E_
___B_
___A_
___D_
___C_
An organism that gain nutrition by breaking down dead and decaying plants & animals.
An organism that uses energy to produce its own food.
An organism that consumes both producers and consumers.
An organism that eats other consumers.
Plants, grass, and trees are examples of this.
Give at least two examples of each of the following:
a. omnivore— Bear and Humans (most)
b. autotroph— Grass and Mesquite tree
c.
Producer -- Grass and Mesquite tree
d. heterotroph—Shark and Chimp
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e.
decomposer – Mushrooms and Earthworms
9. In your own words define adaptation. An adaptation is a trait that allows an organism to be more
successful in a given environment
10. For each of the environmental conditions listed name and describe two plant adaptations:
a. limited light— Large Leaves and Ability to climb (vines)
b. nutrient poor/shallow soil— Shallow, wide-spreading roots and prop roots
c.
wind—Flexible stems and small leaves
11. For each of the following environmental conditions listed name and describe at least two plant and
animal adaptations:
a. bright sunlight/hot weather— Animal: Big ears and Nocturnal
Plant: Small leaves and Waxy Cuticle
b. drought— Animal: Migrate and Conserve water
Plant: Deep Roots and Small Leaves
c. cold weather— Animal: Thick Fur and Hibernation
Plants: Needle like leaves and Clustering together
d. predation— Animal: Poison and Camo
Plants: Poison and Spines
12. Where does energy in the ecosystem come from? (original source of energy) The Sun
13. Using your notes list, define, and give an example for each trophic level.
Producer- Makes food from Sun: Grass
Primary Consumer- Eats Producer: Grasshopper
Secondary Consumer- Eats Primary: Snake
Tertiary Consumer- Eats Secondary: Hawk
14. Why is the top of the food pyramid smaller than the bottom? There is a 10% drop in energy provided
at each level. Therefore, the top trophic level can only support a few organisms.
15. According to the 10% rule energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level.
What happens to the rest? It is used by the organism and released as thermal energy
16. Label the following food web with the following terms: producers, primary consumers, secondary
consumers, and tertiary consumers.
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Using the Food Web above answer questions 17 – 19.
17. In the food web above the grass functions as the producer
18. In the food web above the grasshopper, mouse, and rabbit function as primary consumers.
19. If the hawk is eliminated from the food web the population of snakes would increase.
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20. The grass at the beginning of the food chain is a ____________________. (producer, consumer, or
heterotroph)
21. The snail is a _____________. (producer or consumer)
22. What is symbiosis? A close relationship between two species.
23. List, define and give one example for each of the three types of symbiotic relationships.
a. Mutualism-  and  Cows and Cow Birds
b. Commensalism  and  Shark and Ling
c. Parasitism  and  Dog and Tick
24. Define predation. The event when one organism hunts, kills, and eats another organism.
25. What is the role of the predator and prey in predation?
Predator- hunts and kills
Prey- is hunted and eaten if killed
26. Give two examples of a predator prey relationship.
Cheetah hunting Gazelles
Frogs catching bugs
27. List the four resources that plants need to survive.
Sun, Water, Soil and CO2
28. List the four resources that animals need to survive.
Water, Shelter, O2, and Food
29. Define renewable and nonrenewable resources.
Resources that can be restored or recreated in a relatively timely manner
Resources that cannot be restored or recreated
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30. Give three examples of renewable and nonrenewable resources.
Renewable- water, oxygen and timber
Nonrenewable – Coal, Uranium and Oil
31. Define competition. Organisms fighting for the same resource
32. As a result of competition what are two things that can happen?
Death of one of the organisms, migration of one of the organism, or change of niche through
adaptation
33. If resources increase, competition will ____________(increase, decrease) and if resources decrease,
competition will ______________(increase, decrease)
34. Give two examples of competition.
Male lions fighting/competing over a female lion
Deer and cattle fighting/competing for grass
35. What is carrying capacity? The maximum, equilibrium number of organisms of a particular species
that can be supported indefinitely in a given environment.
36. What are five things that can change carrying capacity?
a. Natality
b. Mortality
c. Emigration
d. Immigration
e. Resource availability
37. What will happen to carrying capacity if producers were removed? (increase or decrease)
38. Organisms require nitrogen to make Nucleic Acids & Proteins.
39. Water and sunlight are needed for photosynthesis to occur. What other compound is needed for this
process to occur? CO2
40. What element must be present in order for cellular respiration to occur?
O2
a.
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