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MUSICAL STRUCTURE
ELEMENTS OF MUSIC
S
ELEMENTS OF MUSIC
S PITCH
S TEXTURE
S RYHTHM
S TIMBRE
S MELODY
S DYNAMIC
PITCH: HIGHS AND LOWS OF MUSIC
S Pitch: The highness
or lowness of a tone
in music
Low or High?
High or Low?
S Instruments are
designed to
produce various
pitches
Orchestra
High Pitch or Low Pitch
Strings:
Woodwinds:
Brass:
S Violin
S Flute
S Trumpet
S Viola
S Oboe
S French Horn
S Cello
S Clarinet
S Trombone
S Double Bass
S Bassoon
S Tuba
PITCH: CONSONANCE + DISSONANCE
S Consonance is the
combination of notes that
are in harmony due to the
relationship between their
frequencies.
S Dissonance is a clash
resulting from the
combination of
two different notes.
Example
RHYTHM: THE PULSE OF SOUND
RHYTHM: HIGHS AND LOWS OF MUSIC
S Rhythm: The organization of
time in music
S Tempo governs the rhythm’s
pace or speed
RHYTHM: TEMPO
S TEMPO: The speed or pace of a piece of music
S ACCELERANDO: Speed up
S RITARDANDO: Slow down
RHYTHM: NOTES + BEATS + RESTS
S NOTE: A sign used in musical
notation to represent the
duration and pitch of a sound
S A whole note is four counts
S BEAT/PULSE: The basic unit of
time in music
S REST: Interval of silence in a
piece of music
MELODY: ARRANGEMENT OF SOUND
MELODY: ARRANGEMENT OF TONES
S Melody: The
arrangement of
tones on a staff
in a meaningful
manner.
Melody
S Combination of pitches and rhythms
S Nursery rhyme songs from beginning to end is one melody
S Verse is a melody, chorus is a melody
S Ensemble is all the different elements of the song trying to
accompany the melody
TEXTURE: LAYERS OF SOUND
TEXTURE: LAYERS OF SOUND
S Monophonic texture means
only one line of music sounding
alone- gregorian chant
S Homophonic means one line
leads and the others support itrock music
S Multiple independent lines
happening together is called
polyphonic texture- more
complicated stuff
Texture
S Layers of music are stratified- each layer is on top of another
- beat is on bottom, usually low pitch(usually percussion)
- top is normally high pitch(usually vocals)
S Ostinato is repeated background rhythm that is different from
the surface melody
TIMBRE: CHARACTER OF SOUND
TIMBRE: CHARACTER OF SOUND
S The characteristics
of the sound itself
The same note sounds
Different when it comes
From a different instrument
TIMBRE
descriptive terms
S Sharp
S Rough
S Gloomy
S Delicate
S Dark
S Full
S Clear
S Wide
S Bright
S Narrow
S Harsh
DYNAMICS: VOLUME OF SOUND
DYNAMICS: NOTATION
S Forte: f, ff, fff: LOUD
S Piano: p, pp, ppp: SOFT
S Mezzo: m: MEDIUM
S Crescendo: Gradually louder
S Decrescendo: Gradually softer
Dynamics