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Esters A class of organic compounds that react with water to produce alcohols and organic and inorganic acids. It is mainly result of condensation of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. Physical Properties of Esters 1. Physical State : Lower molecular weighted esters are colourless volatile liquids. 2. Odour: All esters have a strong fruity smell. 3. Solubility: Lower members of esters are soluble in water . The solubility decreases with increase in molecular weight of the esters. Esters are soluble in organic solvents. Ester themselves are good organic solvents. 4. Acidic nature: Esters are neutral. 5. Polarity: Esters are polar due to the presence of carbonyl group and act as hydrogen bond acceptors not as donors. Name Melting Point (KELVIN) Boiling Point (KELVIN) Methyl Acetate 175 330 Methyl Formate 173 305 Ethyl Acetate 190 350 Ethyl Formate 193 327 Methyl Benzoate 260.5 472.6 Ethyl Benzoate 239 486 Uses of Esters Used as artificial perfumes or scents as they emit a sweet smell. Used in making artificial food flavours that are added in many edible items like ice creams, softdrinks etc. Used as industrial solvents for making cellulose, fats, paints and varnishes. Used as solvent in pharmaceutical industries. Used as softeners in plastic industries and molding industries. Naming an Esters Identify the alkyl group that is attached to the oxygen atom. Number according to the closest to the -CO- group regardless of where the alkyl substituents are . Determine the alkane that links the carbon atoms together. If there is a separation of a continuous link of carbon atoms due to the oxygen atom, individually name the two alkanes before and after the oxygen atom. The longer the structural alkane is the one that should contain the carbonyl group. The format is as folows: (akane further from carbonyl)(alkane closest to carbonyl)(parent chain) Change the parent chain –e ending and replace it with an –oate. Examples... Ester Name Structure Occurrence Ethyl Acetate Nail polish remover Ethyl Hexanoate Pineapple, waxygreen banana Methyl acetate Glue Octyl Acetate Fruity Orange Ester’s Chemical Reaction Fischer Esterification