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SBI3U: PLANT ORGANS, TISSUES AND CELLS (14.1)
Name: ____________________
Read pages 381-390 and answer the following questions. Fill in the blanks.
ROOT AND SHOOT SYSTEMS
Roots are structures that anchor a plant in the soil, absorbing minerals and water and providing
structural support.
Monocots
 Fibrous root system:

Examples:
Dicots
 Taproot system:

Examples:
Shoots are above-ground structures consisting of stems, leaves and flowers.
Stems are the parts of a plant that support leaves and flowers.
Nodes are the points on the stem which leaves are attached. Internodes are the portions of the
stem between nodes. Stems play an important role in ______________________
materials in a plant. _________________________________ runs vertically in the stem and
transports __________ and __________________ from the _________ up to the ___________,
and _________ from the _____________ to other parts of the plant, such as growing buds,
flowers and roots. Undeveloped shoots are called __________. A _____________ bud is found
at the tip of a stem. _______________________ buds are found in the ___________ formed by
a leaf and the main stem. These angles are called __________. Growth from axillary buds forms
the plant’s ________________.
THE LEAF
Define the following:
Leaves:
Blade:
Petiole:
Venation:
The vein that runs through the petiole and into the blade consists of
_________________________ and ________________________. These veins carry water and
nutrients into the leaf, and transport sugars from the leaf to other parts of the plant.
Contrast veins in monocots vs. dicots.
FLOWERS AND SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
A flower is a specialized __________, unique to __________________.
Define the following:
Sepals:
Petals:
Stamens:
Pistils:
Anther:
Ovary:
Ovule:
Style:
Stigma:
Endosperm:
SEED DEVELOPMENT AND DISPERSAL
Read page 384-385 and take notes below:
SEED GERMINATION
Germination is the process where a plant embryo within a seed begins to grow. Seeds must
soak up water in order to germinate. This will expand the seed and split the seed coat. Water
also triggers metabolic changes in the embryo that enable it to grow.
Look at Figure 14.13, page 386, to compare seed germination of Monocots and Dicots.
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
Many plants are also capable of _________________________________. In plants, this is called
vegetative reproduction. The offspring are ______________________________
To the original plant. It can occur naturally or with human help. The simplest way to clone a
plant is to __________________ a ________ or _____________ and place the cut end in water
or soil. The ______ at the cut end of the petiole or stem become
__________________________ and then form new ________________________ and organs.
You get a new plant genetically identical to the original one. In many __________ plants, a
______________ from one plant can be grafted onto the ________ of another plant belonging
to the same or closely related species. It is widely used by __________________________. See
Figure 14.15.
MAIN TISSUE SYSTEMS OF A PLANT
See Figure 14.16 for a diagram.
Dermal Tissue is the ________________________ or skin of the plant. The
_____________________, which is the dermal tissue of _________________________, consists
of one or more layers of cells. It covers and ____________________ all the young parts of the
plant. Some is specialized, leaves and stems can secrete a
___________________________________, that helps plants retain water. Pores called
__________________ are located in the epidermis of leaves. ______________________
___________________ between the environment and the interior of the plant occurs through
stoma.
Vascular Tissue transports _________________________________________________
______________________ between roots and shoots. It also contributes to the structural
support of the plant. Xylem transports _____________ and ______________________
___________________ upward from __________ into _______________. Phloem transports
______________ made in mature _____________ to the ___________ and parts of the
_______________________ that don’t carry out photosynthesis. Vascular tissue is located in
the _________________ of roots, but in the stems it is arranged in many separate ___________
called _______________________________.
A monocot stem has vascular bundles scattered throughout the tissue, where a dicot stem have
vascular bundles arranged in a ring.
Ground Tissue fills the space between the dermal and vascular tissue. It makes up most of the
young, non-woody plant and functions in _________________________ in the shoot and in
___________________ and __________________ throughout the plant. The ground tissue of
the root consists of a mass of cells called the _______________.
TYPES OF PLANT CELLS
Define the following:
Parenchyma cell-
Collenchyma cell-
Sclerenchyma cell-
CELLULAR STRUCTURE OF A LEAF
Leaves are designed to capture sunlight and allow ____________________ between the
surrounding air and the __________ inside the leaf that carry out ___________________.
See Figure 14.19, pg 389. Describe the upper and lower surfaces of the leaf:
What do the guard cells do?
The ground tissue of the leaf is made of ___________________, a type of parenchyma cell that
is specialized for ________________________. Under the upper epidermis is a layer of
elongated _____________________________________ cells that are specialized for capturing
____________________________ and carrying out __________________.
Next to the lower epidermis is a layer of loosely packed _________________________ cells .
__________________________ within these cells allow ____________________
and ____________________ to circulate within the leaf.
COMPARING MONOCOTS AND DICOTS
Angiosperms make up ___________ of known plant species. Copy down Table 14.1, page 390.