Download (Lab Report) - Meiosis, Single Gene Inheritance, and Karyotyping

LAB REPORT – Meiosis, Single Gene Inheritance and
Karyotyping
All Lab Reports should include the following in the order listed:
1. Title Page with your name, the date, the lab title, and a brief (1 sentence summary of the
purpose of the lab).
2. Lab Report 2 – Meiosis, Single Gene Inheritance, and Karyotyping. All questions should be
answered completely. Please type your answers directly on this form (you don’t have to rewrite
each question when you are answering it).
SINGLE GENE INHERITANCE – Genotypes and Phenotypes
TABLE 1: COMPARING AND ANALYZING YOUR PHENOTYPE DATA:
Use the posted Class Data to complete this table and determine if the dominant phenotype is
really more commonly expressed in a population of individuals.
How to calculate the percentage of the sampled population that expressed the dominant phenotype:
Divide the total number of people with the dominant phenotype by the total number of people sampled. Note,
everyone’s data was used to calculate the total class data so don’t add your individual data to the totals, they
were already included.
Trait:
d
dominant
r = recessive
= CLASS
DATA
–
Total
Number of
individuals
sampled in
the
experiment
with
the
recessive
phenotype
for
the
traits listed
below
Hairline:
Widow's peak (d)
Straight hairline (r)
Earlobes:
Unattached (d)
Attached (r)
Interlocking fingers:
Right on left (d),
left on right (r)
Tongue rolling:
Can roll tongue (d)
CLASS
DATA
–
Total
Number of
individuals
sampled in
the
experiment
with
the
dominant
phenotype
for
the
traits listed
below
Percentage
of
the
sample
population
that
expresses
the
dominant
phenotype
Was the dominant
phenotype
more
commonly
expressed in the
sample population
(yes or no)
Can't roll tongue (r)
Hitchhiker's thumb:
Last segment can't
be bent
backward (d)
Segment can be
bent
backward
>45
degrees (r)
Freckles
Present (d)
Absent (r)
Use the information generated in the table to answer the following questions.
1. Was the dominant phenotype more commonly expressed in the population sampled? Explain your answer.
Use the information from the lab and the results to explain your answer.
2. Were you surprised by the results of the class data? Explain why or why not.
3. Explain why experimental sample size is important, do you think the number of people sampled for this
experiment was representative of the general population, explain why or why not.
4. What is the ratio of tongue rollers to non-tongue rollers in the class? What is the frequency (%) of tongue
rollers in the class?
5. What is the ratio of free earlobes to attached earlobes in the class? What is the frequency (%) of students
with free earlobes in the class?
6. If a man does not have Hitchhiker’s thumb, what are the two possible genotypes?
7. If a man is homozygous for Hitchhiker’s thumb and marries a woman with homozygous dominant alleles,
what is the probability of them having children with Hitchhiker’s thumb? Use a Punnett Square to determine
the answer for this question. Your answer should include the Punnett square and probabilitities.
MEIOSIS AND KARYOTYPING – Part B
Part 1: Meiosis Review
8. Define mitosis. Identify the type of cells that undergo mitotic divisions.
9. Define meiosis. Identify the type of cells that undergo meiotic divisions.
10. How many daughter cells are produced at the completion of a normal mitotic division?
11. Do the daughter cells produced by a normal mitotic division have the same genetic information as the parent
cell, explain why or why not.
12. How many daughter cells are produced by a single cell at the completion of a normal meiotic division? How
much genetic information do these daughter cells have compared to the parent cell? Explain your answer.
Part 2: On-Line Karyotyping.
13. Define a karyotype.
14. Which phase of mitosis are chromosomes harvested for karyotyping, explain why.
15. Complete the following chart while you are working on the online Web Karyotyping Activity. Note, you need
to complete the activity before you can answer the questions below:
Patient
A
B
C
Notation – What chromosomal abnormality
was noted (ie 3 chromosomes, extra
chromosome 4)
Corresponding Diagnosis
Pick one of the diagnosis from question 15 that is interesting to you. Go to the following internet site to “research”
the disease: http://www.scirus.com. Type in the disease you’ve chosen. Choose one of the sites listed to review
information about the disease you’ve chosen. Answer the following questions.
16. Record the following information from the internet search URL you’ve chosen for your disease review:
a. Http:// ________________________________________________________________
b. Title of the Site: _________________________________________________________
17. Write a summary paragraph (4-5 well-structured sentences) about the information you learned from the
article you chose.
Part 3: New Methods in Karyotyping
18. Briefly explain how each of the following karyotyping methods work.
a. The “old” method, Giemsa Dye Karyotyping
b. The “new” method, Spectral Karyotyping using fluorescent dyes
19. List and briefly describe three possible applications for spectral karyotyping.
20. Identify and describe at least 3 controversial societal issues associated with spectral karyotyping. Each
issue identified should be explained with 2-3 well-constructed, grammatically correct sentences. You will
need to do some thinking here since the Biology Project website does not answer this question directly.
However, based on your answer to 19, you should be able to discuss this.