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LAB REPORT – Meiosis, Single Gene Inheritance and Karyotyping All Lab Reports should include the following in the order listed: 1. Title Page with your name, the date, the lab title, and a brief (1 sentence summary of the purpose of the lab). 2. Lab Report 2 – Meiosis, Single Gene Inheritance, and Karyotyping. All questions should be answered completely. Please type your answers directly on this form (you don’t have to rewrite each question when you are answering it). SINGLE GENE INHERITANCE – Genotypes and Phenotypes TABLE 1: COMPARING AND ANALYZING YOUR PHENOTYPE DATA: Use the posted Class Data to complete this table and determine if the dominant phenotype is really more commonly expressed in a population of individuals. How to calculate the percentage of the sampled population that expressed the dominant phenotype: Divide the total number of people with the dominant phenotype by the total number of people sampled. Note, everyone’s data was used to calculate the total class data so don’t add your individual data to the totals, they were already included. Trait: d dominant r = recessive = CLASS DATA – Total Number of individuals sampled in the experiment with the recessive phenotype for the traits listed below Hairline: Widow's peak (d) Straight hairline (r) Earlobes: Unattached (d) Attached (r) Interlocking fingers: Right on left (d), left on right (r) Tongue rolling: Can roll tongue (d) CLASS DATA – Total Number of individuals sampled in the experiment with the dominant phenotype for the traits listed below Percentage of the sample population that expresses the dominant phenotype Was the dominant phenotype more commonly expressed in the sample population (yes or no) Can't roll tongue (r) Hitchhiker's thumb: Last segment can't be bent backward (d) Segment can be bent backward >45 degrees (r) Freckles Present (d) Absent (r) Use the information generated in the table to answer the following questions. 1. Was the dominant phenotype more commonly expressed in the population sampled? Explain your answer. Use the information from the lab and the results to explain your answer. 2. Were you surprised by the results of the class data? Explain why or why not. 3. Explain why experimental sample size is important, do you think the number of people sampled for this experiment was representative of the general population, explain why or why not. 4. What is the ratio of tongue rollers to non-tongue rollers in the class? What is the frequency (%) of tongue rollers in the class? 5. What is the ratio of free earlobes to attached earlobes in the class? What is the frequency (%) of students with free earlobes in the class? 6. If a man does not have Hitchhiker’s thumb, what are the two possible genotypes? 7. If a man is homozygous for Hitchhiker’s thumb and marries a woman with homozygous dominant alleles, what is the probability of them having children with Hitchhiker’s thumb? Use a Punnett Square to determine the answer for this question. Your answer should include the Punnett square and probabilitities. MEIOSIS AND KARYOTYPING – Part B Part 1: Meiosis Review 8. Define mitosis. Identify the type of cells that undergo mitotic divisions. 9. Define meiosis. Identify the type of cells that undergo meiotic divisions. 10. How many daughter cells are produced at the completion of a normal mitotic division? 11. Do the daughter cells produced by a normal mitotic division have the same genetic information as the parent cell, explain why or why not. 12. How many daughter cells are produced by a single cell at the completion of a normal meiotic division? How much genetic information do these daughter cells have compared to the parent cell? Explain your answer. Part 2: On-Line Karyotyping. 13. Define a karyotype. 14. Which phase of mitosis are chromosomes harvested for karyotyping, explain why. 15. Complete the following chart while you are working on the online Web Karyotyping Activity. Note, you need to complete the activity before you can answer the questions below: Patient A B C Notation – What chromosomal abnormality was noted (ie 3 chromosomes, extra chromosome 4) Corresponding Diagnosis Pick one of the diagnosis from question 15 that is interesting to you. Go to the following internet site to “research” the disease: http://www.scirus.com. Type in the disease you’ve chosen. Choose one of the sites listed to review information about the disease you’ve chosen. Answer the following questions. 16. Record the following information from the internet search URL you’ve chosen for your disease review: a. Http:// ________________________________________________________________ b. Title of the Site: _________________________________________________________ 17. Write a summary paragraph (4-5 well-structured sentences) about the information you learned from the article you chose. Part 3: New Methods in Karyotyping 18. Briefly explain how each of the following karyotyping methods work. a. The “old” method, Giemsa Dye Karyotyping b. The “new” method, Spectral Karyotyping using fluorescent dyes 19. List and briefly describe three possible applications for spectral karyotyping. 20. Identify and describe at least 3 controversial societal issues associated with spectral karyotyping. Each issue identified should be explained with 2-3 well-constructed, grammatically correct sentences. You will need to do some thinking here since the Biology Project website does not answer this question directly. However, based on your answer to 19, you should be able to discuss this.