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Chapter 48: Populations and Communities Section 3: Interactions Within and Between Communities Interactions Within and Between Communities After populations, the next larger biological units are ___________________________ o A community consists of all the populations of organisms living in a given area Populations in communities interact with one another in many ways Example: o Plant species compete for ________________, _____________________, and ________________________. At the same time, some plants have evolved ____________________________________________________. Herbivores compete with one another for _________________ and __________________. These herbivores may have evolved ___________________________________ against the plant species. While this is going on, carnivores are ____________________________ __________________________ Symbiosis There are several relationships that play an important role in nature o _____________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ Parasitism One species _____________________ and the other is _____________________ Example: o Tapeworm feeding off of nutrients in the digestive tract of an organism Commensalism One member _______________________ and the other is __________________________ Example: o ___________________ live within the stinging tentacles of sea anemones. o The shrimp are ____________________________ by the anemone’s poison o As a result, the shrimp ________________________________ from predators that cannot tolerate the anemone’s stings o Anemones are not harmed by shrimp living on them, but they are not helped either Mutualism Two species live together in such a way that _____________________________ ______________________ Example: o Clownfish benefit from living within the stinging tentacles of the sea anemone in the same way shrimp do o However, clownfish also help the anemones by chasing away several species of anemone-eating fish Interactions Among Ecosystems Not only do populations and communities interact, ecosystems also interact with one another in many ways Nearly every ecosystem is _____________________________, either directly or indirectly, with other ecosystems