Download Food Relationships

Predation, Scavenging, Symbiosis (3)
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A predator is any consumer that KILLS AND
EATS another living organism in order to
obtain energy. The organism being eaten is
called the PREY
Examples: Lions, Wolves, Eagles, Man
 Venus Fly trap
Pitcher plant
• Catches and digests food
• Prey-trapping
stuffs
mechanism that features
a deep cavity filled with a • Insects trigger hairs that
‘pitfall trap’
cause the mouth to slam shut
when triggered
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VENUS – from Roman god of love
Archer Fish
 Salamander
The Archerfish sprays a • The salamander uses its long
fine jet of water to knock sticky tongue to capture
an insect off a low-lying
insects
branch
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A SCAVENGER is any consumer (animal) that
feeds on DEAD organisms
Examples: vultures, snails, crows, jackals,
hyenas
A SAPROPHYTE lives on NONLIVING
ORGANIC MATTER and breaks down matter
such as dead plants, animals and feces for
consumption.
Examples: Fungi, Molds, Bacteria
Vultures
• Bald head to keep the
head clean while
feeding
• Possesses very strong
stomach acid used to
break down infected
flesh and/or unbroken
bones
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Earthworm
Body plan: A tube, digestive
system and a slimy,
muscular outer layer of skin
Feeds on detritus and
decaying organic matter
Burrowing by worms is a
form of natural aeration
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Two different kinds of
organisms 'live
together' in a
relationship:
• Mutualism
• Commensalism
• Parasitism
NOT
REAL!
The anemone's tentacles
release a paralysis toxin that
provides the Clownfish with
protection from predators
• The clownfish protects the
anemone from Butterflyfish
(consume anemones)
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Sea Anemones (tentacles) and
Ocellaris Clownfish (Nemo)
vs
Whales and Barnacles
During a barnacle's larval
stage (youth) it attaches to
baleen whales.
The barnacle benefits by
finding a habitat with
available nutrients, which
would not be possible
otherwise
The whale couldn't care less
and is not affected in a
positive or negative way
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Head Lice
Feed on sebaceous
secretions (sweat glands
and pores) and blood
Lice obtain sustenance
(food)
Humans/similar mammals
are harmed through blood
loss, exposure to disease
and inconvenience
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The Nile Crocodile
and the Plover
The Plover cleans
the croc's teeth and
prevents infection
This is an example
of:
Mutualism
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Certain luminescent bacteria living on the
‘lure’ of the anglerfish obtain nutrition after
the fish has eaten.
In turn, the bacteria provide a lantern for
‘fishing’
This is an example of
Mutualism
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A mouse is eaten by a cat
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This is an example of
Predation
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Certain young clams attach themselves to the
gills of fish. In a short time, each clam
becomes surrounded by a capsule formed by
the cells of the fish. The clams feed and grow
by absorbing nutrients from the fish's body
This is an example of
Commensalism
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Toadstools thrive on fallen (dead) logs
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This is an example of
Saprophytism