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Spanish II Review of Concepts for Midterm Exam ~as you study check off the concepts to make sure you practice everything you will see on the exam! Capítulo 1Capítulo 3Vocab & Grammar: Vocab & Grammar: ___basic questions/answers ___places in a town ___reflexive verbs ___answering simple questions in the preterit ___ present tense tense ___ gustar (all forms) ___CAR/GAR/ZAR verbs and conocer ___regular and stem changing verbs ___Andar/tener/ver/venir/dar ___chores ___places in town or city part 2 ___tener phrases and verbs followed by infinitives ___giving directions using informal commands ___present progressive ___asking, answering questions about directions ___affirmative and negative informal commands ___informal commands part 2 Capítulo 2Vocab & Grammar: ___jobs/Occupations ___greetings and goodbyes ___saber vs. conocer ___uses of ser, adjectives of nationalities ___items in your house ___needs and complaints (around the house) ___ser vs. estar ___expressions that are followed by infinitives ___preterite of AR/ER/IR verbs, hacer and ir I. Nouns and Adjectives Nouns and adjectives should agree in gender and number. Remember adjectives typically follow nouns in Spanish. 1. two interesting books __________ ____________ ______________ 2. a difficult course (curso) __________ ____________ ______________ II. Gustar Remember with gustar you must use the correct indirect object pronoun for the subject (me, te, le, nos, or les). Gustar only takes two forms (gusta or gustan) depending on whether the noun that follows is singular or plural or if it is followed by a verb (singular). Gustar steps: A: Choose the correct indirect object pronoun. B. Decide if what follows is singular, plural, or a verb. a. If what follows the verb is plural, gustan will be used. b. If what follows the verb is singular or a verb, gusta will be used. Ex. 1: I like apples _____ ___________ las manzanas. Step A Step B Ex. 2: He likes to study. _______ _________ estudiar. Step A Step B III. Regular present tense verbs and some stem-changing/irregular verbs BAILAR Yo COMER Nosotros Yo Tú Nosotros Yo Tú Él, Ella, Ud. Yo SALIR Ellos, Ellas Uds. Él, Ella, Ud. ALMORZAR (O TO UE) Nosotros QUERER (E TO IE) Yo Tú Tú Ellos, Ellas Uds. Nosotros Él, Ella, Ud. Ellos, Ellas Uds. Él, Ella, Ud. Nosotros Tú Ellos, Ellas Uds. TENER Yo Ellos, Ellas Uds. JUGAR (U TO UE) Yo Tú Él, Ella, Ud. Nosotros Él, Ella, Ud. Ellos, Ellas Uds. SABER Nosotros Tú Yo Nosotros Tú Él, Ella, Ud. Ellos, Ellas Uds. Él, Ella, Ud. Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense. 1. Tú ___________ (tener) ganas de descansar. 2. Nosotros _______ (poder—o to ue) bailar toda la noche. 3. Él no ____________ (saber) bailar. 4. Yo ____________ (servir—e to i) los tragos. 5. Ellas ____________ (almorzar—o to ue) juntos. 6. Yo ______________ (preferir—e to ie) el zoológico. 7. Jaime _____________ (dormir—o to ue) mucho. 8. Isabela ____________ (empezar—e to ie) la tarea temprano. IV. Present Progressive ESTAR + GERUND of verb Ellos, Ellas, Uds. Steps to form the present progressive: A. Conjugate the verb estar for the subject. ESTAR Yo Nosotros Tú Él, Ella, Usted Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes B. Put the verb in its gerund form. 1. AR verb: Remove the ar and add ando. 2. ER/IR verb: Remove the er or ir and add iendo. Ex. 1: He is writing a book. Él _______ ___________ un libro. Step 1 Step 2 Ex. 2: They are dancing. Ellos _________ ____________. Step 1 Step 2 VI. Simple Future. (IR + a + infinitive) Step 1: Conjugate the verb ir for the subject. IR Yo Nosotros Tú Él, Ella, Usted Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes Step 2: Add the preposition a. Step 3: Add the infinitive of the verb (the non-conjugated form of the verb). Ex.: You are going to dance. Tú ________ ______ ______________. Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 VII. Idioms and Verbs followed by infinitives Translate into Spanish. 1. I prefer to read. ______________________ 2. He should study. ______________________ 3. They have to clean the house. ___________________ 4. You (informal) are lucky. ______________________ 5. I feel like dancing. _______________________ 6. You (formal) are sleepy. _____________________ VIII. Reflexive Verbs Reflexive verbs are verbs where the subject performs and receives the action of the verb. Ex: I am brushing my teeth. The subject is performing the action by brushing and receiving the action as a result of his/her teeth being brushed. In Spanish: Me cepillo los dientes. Reflexive verbs take reflexive pronouns as seen in the previous sentence. Reflexive pronouns are me, te, se, nos, and se. Se is used twice because it is the reflexive pronoun for third person singular and third person plural. Step 1: When conjugating a reflexive verb, remove the se and bring it to the front of the verb. Step 2: Change the se, if necessary, to match the subject. Step 3: Next, appropriately conjugate the remaining ar, er, or ir verb. Yo Tú Él, Ella, Usted LAVARSE Nosotros Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes Practice: 1. Ellos ____ ______________ (levantarse) tarde. (They get up late.) 2. Ella ____ ______________ (ponerse) el piyama. (She puts on pajamas.) 3. Nosotros ____ ____________ (acostarse) temprano. (We go to sleep early.) 4. Tú ____ _____________ (cepillarse) los dientes dos veces al día. (You brush your teeth twice a day.) IX. Informal Commands (Affirmative and Negative) A. Affirmative/Positive Informal Commands 1. Regular Positive Informal Commands Step 1: To form a positive informal command, put the verb in the present tense tú form. HABLAR becomes HABLAS Step 2: Remove the s. HABLAS becomes HABLA Ex: Habla en español. Speak Spanish please. Examples: 1. Study. ____________ 2. Eat. _____________ 3. Write. ____________ 2. Irregular Positive Informal Commands Certain positive informal commands are irregular and must be memorized. Write the irregular positive command for each verb. Dar = _______ Decir = _______ Hacer = _______ Ir = _______ Poner = _______ Salir = _______ Ser = _______ Tener = _______ Venir = _______ B. Negative Informal Commands 1. Regular Negative Informal Commands Step 1: To form a negative informal command, put the verb in the present tense yo form. HABLAR becomes HABLO COMER becomes COMO SALIR becomes SALGO Step 2: Drop the o and add an opposite ending. AR verbs take the ending es while ER and IR verbs take the ending as. HABLO becomes HABL+ES = NO HABLES Don’t speak. COMO becomes COM+ES = NO COMES Don’t eat. SALGO becomes SALG+AS = NO SALGAS Don’t go out. 2. Irregular Negative Informal Commands Some negative commands are irregular and must be memorized. Fill in the correct irregular negative command. (p. 26) Dar = No ______ Ir = No ________ Ser = No ________ Tocar = No _________ Llegar = No _________ Commands Practice: Part A: Positive Informal Commands 1. Do your homework. _________ (hacer) la tarea. 2. Be careful. ___________ (tener) cuidado. 3. Play the piano. ____________ (tocar) el piano. 4. Speak Spanish. ____________ (hablar) en español. 5. Be responsible. ____________ (ser) responsable. 6. Eat well. ______________ (comer) bien. Part B: Negative Informal Commands 1. Don’t be lazy. No ____________ (ser) perezoso. 2. Don’t be afraid. No ___________ (tener) miedo. 3. Don’t speak English. No ________ (hablar) inglés. 4. Don’t run. No ________ (correr). 5. Don’t play the drums in the house. No __________ (tocar) la batería en casa. 6. Don’t be late. No _________ (llegar) tarde. 7. Don’t eat my food. No __________ (comer) la comida. X. Vocabulary (integrated in writing) Be prepared to answer the following questions in Spanish (in writing) on your test. 1. ¿Cómo eres tú? 2. ¿Qué te gusta hacer? 3. ¿Prefieres pasear en bote o ir de compras en el Mercado? ¿Por qué? 4. ¿Cuáles quehaceres tienes? 5. ¿Qué tienes ganas de hacer hoy?