Download Dr Watson Chapter 11 The Endocrine System

Dr. Watson’s Medical Terminology
Chapter 11 The Endocrine System
Week 15
Click on The Endocrine System
Anatomy
1. Define the term endocrine.
2.
What other body system works along with the endocrine system to maintain homeostasis?
3.
What is homeostasis?
4.
What does a hormone do?
5.
Define metabolism.
6.
Where would you find the pineal gland?
7.
What is the function of the pineal gland?
8.
Where would you find the pituitary gland?
9.
What does the pituitary gland do?
10. What other names does the pituitary gland go by?
11. List the two lobes and their two names for the pituitary gland.
12. What type of stimulation is required for each of the pituitary lobes to secrete hormones?
Lobe _______________
Stimulation _________________
Lobe _______________
Stimulation _________________
13. List the 6 hormones secreted by the forward lobe of the pituitary gland and what each hormone
does:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
14. List the two hormones secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland and what each hormone
does:
a.
b.
15. Where is the thyroid located in the body?
16. What is the “isthmus” of the thyroid?
17. What hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland?
18. What does the thyroid gland do?
19. Where is the parathyroid located in the body?
20. What does the parathyroid gland do?
21. What hormone is secreted by the parathyroid?
22. What does the parathyroid hormone do?
23. What is meant by “suprarenal”?
24. What part of the adrenal gland is the outermost part?
25. What kind of steroid affects water and mineral balance in the body and what is its name?
26. What kind of steroid affects carbohydrate metabolism and what is its name?
27. What is the medical term for sex hormones?
28. What part of the adrenal is the innermost part?
29. List the two hormones secreted by the innermost part of the adrenal gland and what each does.
a.
b.
30. What is meant by the terms “exocrine” and “endocrine”?
31. Where is the pancreas located in the body?
32. What hormone is secreted by the pancreas?
33. What group of cells is responsible for the endocrine functions of the pancreas?
34. What hormones do the cells in #33 above secrete?
35. What hormones are secreted by the ovaries?
36. What ovarian hormone is responsible for secondary sex characteristics?
37. Which ovarian hormone is responsible for maintaining a pregnancy?
38. What hormones are secreted by the testicles?
39. Which testicular hormone is responsible for normal sexual behavior?
Pathology
1. What are the two medical terms for putting out too much or not enough hormones?
2.
What disorders happen when the following hormones from the pituitary do not secrete enough or
secrete too much of its hormones?
ADH or vasopressin
Somatotropin
hypersecretion ____________________________
hyposecretion _____________________________
hypersecretion ____________________________
hyposecretion _____________________________
3.
4.
Infants have ________________________ when hypothyroidism occurs.
Adults have _________________________ when hypothyroidism occurs.
5.
How does the diet help a person to develop hypothyroidism?
6.
What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?
7.
What is another name for hyperthyroidism?
8.
What is the symptom of hyperthyroidism that affects the eye and why is this so serious?
9.
What is a “goiter” and how is it pronounced?
10. Calcium is put into the bones by food in the diet. Then it is released from the bones into the blood.
The parathyroid glands regulate the release of calcium. With too much or too little, problems result.
What are they?
Disorder with very low level of calcium in the blood: ______________________
Body’s response to this very low level of calcium: ___________________________________
Low blood level of calcium (medical term): ________________________________
11. What is a tumor of a gland called?
12. If calcium moves from the bones faster than new calcium can replace it (in hypersecretion), what
problem results?
13. What diseases result when there is:
Increased amount of adrenal hormones ___________________________
Decreased amount of adrenal hormones __________________________
14. When there are decrease amounts of adrenal hormones, the levels of the body’s sodium and
potassium are unbalanced. What are the following disorders?
Hyponatremia
Hyperkalemia
15. What are two problems that result when there are excessive secretions of glucocorticoids.
Describe each.
a.
b.
16. What results when a very inflamed pancreas leaks digestive enzymes into the abdominal cavity?
Describe this.
17. What happens when the Islet of Langerhans in the pancreas no longer produce enough insulin?
18. Match the signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus with their definitions:
Signs and symptom
_____ hyperglycemia
_____ polyuria
_____ polyphagia
_____ glucosuria
_____ polydipsia
_____ ketoacidosis
Definitions
a. excessive blood sugar
b. acidic condition of the blood
c. much thirst
d. frequent eating
e. much urine
f. sugar in the urine
19. Which type of insulin dependence, Type I or Type II, are known for each of the following cases?
_______
_______
_______
_______
Usually found in children
Usually found in adults
Insulin-dependent
Non-insulin dependent
Pharmacy
1. What are corticosteroids most frequently used for?
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.
The following are types of insulin. By their letters or terms, indicate the speed of their action.
R
NPH
Ultralente
3.
What does an oral hypoglycemic do?
The Lab
1. Which blood tests are done to determine the functioning for the thyroid gland?
2.
What blood test would be ordered to determine parathyroid function?
3.
What type of blood test for diabetes requires that the patient not eat anything for 12 hours?
4.
What type of blood test can be done for diabetes that does not require food restriction?
The Clinic
1. What is the difference between a “cystic” nodule and a “solid” nodule?
2.
Describe what is done with a “fine needle aspiration biopsy”.
3.
Describe a thyroid scan.
4.
What do each of the following surgical procedures do?
Adrenalectomy
Thyroidectomy
Subtotal thyroidectomy
Parathyroidectomy
Adenohypophysectomy
Abbreviations
What do each of the following abbreviations mean?
ACTH
FPG
ADH
GH
GTT
DM
FSH
NPH
PGH
TSH
XX
XY
Miscellaneous
1.
What term is used to describe well-developed hyperthyroidism?
2.
What is Hashimoto’s disease?
3.
What are the three most common uses of hormone replacement therapy?
4.
How is an insulin pump different from daily insulin injections?\
5.
What term signifies a “normally functioning thyroid”?
6.
What is a “basal metabolic rate”?
7.
What would a physician mean by a “thyroid storm”?
Don’t forget to complete the Exercises in the Class section.