Download Structural Organization in Animals

Undigested material (fiber) is compacted by peristalsis and stored in the rectum until defecated.
The appendix is a gland at the top of the large intestine that has an immune function. Appendix can become
infected because of irritation or because its opening is blocked by undigested foods
The four macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids and Nucleic Acids. Once carbohydrates and proteins
are broken down enough they move out of the small intestine through the associated capillary bed. The veins from
these capillaries go to the liver. The nutrients are further refined in the liver then through veins they go on to the
heart. The heart now takes them to all tissues in the body.
Diet and Digestive Adaptations
1. Herbivores and omnivores have longer alimentary canals than do carnivores (to allow more time and surface area
for digesting plant material.
2) Most herbivores rely on the cellulose-digesting enzymes of prokaryotes and protests. Populations of these
organisms are housed in parts of the animals digestive track.
Nutrition
A Healthy Diet should
a. Fuel the body
b. Provide raw material for synthesis of needed molecules
c. Provide essential nutrient an animal cannot make. Of the 20 amino acids needed our bodies
make 11 but 9 must be obtained in the diet. 13 vitamins must be obtained in the diet. Fats are essential to
diet for the manufacture and uptake of fat soluable vitamins. Chemicals other than carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen and nitrogen are considered minerals, they too must be obtained in diet. Fiber is essential for
proper elimination of waste.
Identify each organ and its function
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