Download what are the different ways to govern

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT WAYS TO GOVERN?
 It has taken a long time for the majority of the world's governments to be
democratic.
 Throughout history, there have been a variety of ways in which states have been
ruled.
 Most of these styles of governments had their origin in ancient Greece.
MONARCHY
 Monarchies are one of the oldest forms of government, having evolved from
ancient tribal chiefs.
 Many monarchies began with the monarch as the local
representative of the deity, for example the Pharaohs of ancient
Egypt.
 Other monarchs derived their power by acclamation of the ruling
or of the warrior caste of a clan or group of clans, for example the
Sometimes
Emperors of ancient Rome.
 Since 1800, many of the world's monarchies have ceased to
have a monarch and have become republics, or become
parliamentary democracies.
the
state was ruled
by a king, by a
monarch. (Monos
is Greek for 'one';
Arkho is Greekfor'rule'.)
 Democratic countries which retain a monarchy have by definition limited the
monarch's power, with most having become CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHIES.
Contemporary examples of constitutional monarchies include Canada (Queen
Elizabeth II since 1952), Belgium (King Albert II since 1993) and Spain (King
Juan Carlos since 1975).
 However, there are still some ABSOLUTE MONARCHIES, where the King or Queen
has total control. Contemporary examples of absolute
monarchies are Swaziland, Brunei, Saudi Arabia, and
Kuwait.
TYRANNY/DICTATORSHIP
 A tyrant (from the Greek tyrannos) is a usurper of rightful
power, possessing absolute power and ruling by tyranny.
 In the original Greek meaning "tyrant” carried no ethical
censure; a tyrant was anyone who overturned the
established government of a city-state, usually through
Sometimes, when things
were going badly, one man
would be allowed to take
over the power in a state,
even though he had no right
to do so; he was called a
tyrant.
the use of popular support, to establish himself as dictator, or the heir of such a
person.
 It was with the subsequent growth of Athenian democracy, the title "tyrant" took
on its familiar negative connotations.
 States often turn to dictators in times of crisis as they provide strong leadership
in the short-term. Adolf Hitler was admired throughout the world for the first
three years of his dictatorship in Germany.
 Often dictators are military leaders who overthrow the civilian government with
the help of the armed forces
 Dictatorships are most commonly linked to fascism. (Italy 1922-1943; Germany
1933-1945) and communism (Russia 1917-1991; Cuba 1959-present).
 Contemporary examples of dictatorships are Libya (Colonel Qadhafl since 1969),
Zimbabwe (Robert Mugabe since 1980) and Pakistan (General Musharraf since
1999).
DEMOCRACY
 The term democracy was coined in ancient Athens in the 5th
century BCE. That state is generally seen as the earliest
example of a system corresponding to some of the modern Sometimes the state was ruled by
notions of democratic rule.
all the citizens, by democrats,
(Demos is Greek for 'the people')
 However, in Ancient Athens, only an estimated 16% of the
total population had the right to vote; women, slaves, and foreigners were
excluded from the franchise.
 Democracy is a form of government in which policy is decided by the preference of
majority in decision-making process, usually elections, which are open to all or
most citizens.
 Most democracies are parliamentary representative democracies. Contemporary
examples of democracies are USA, France and Germany.
ANARCHY
 The word anarchy comes from the Greek word anarchia,
which means "without a ruler".
 The Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle used the
term anarchy negatively, in association with democracy
which they mistrusted as inherently vulnerable and
Sometimes things got into
such a mess that it looked
as if there was anarchy, no
rule at all.
prone to deteriorate into tyranny.
 States fall into anarchy for a variety of reasons; the death of a ruler, a coup d’etat
and civil war being prime examples.
 Contemporary examples of states in anarchy include Somalia (since 1991), Sudan
(since 1983) and Nepal (since 2001).
OLIGARCHY
 An oligarchy is a regime where most political power effectively
rests with a small segment of society (typically the most
powerful, whether by wealth, military strength, ruthlessness, or
political influence).
Sometimes the state was ruled by
a few men, by oligarchs. (Oligoi
is Greek for 'few'.)
 Oligarchies are often controlled by a few powerful families
whose children are raised and mentored to become inheritors of the power of the
oligarchy, often at some sort of expense to those governed.
 A modern example of oligarchy could be seen in South Africa during the Twentieth
century. The South African form of oligarchy was based on racism; the white
minority government oppressed the black majority through policies called
APARTHEID 'separateness' (1948-1992).
ARISTOCRACY
 The term "aristocracy” was first given in Athens to young
citizens who led armies; since military bravery was such a
highly regarded virtue in ancient Greece, the armies were being
led by "the best”.
 The term passed on to the European Middle Ages for a similar
hereditary class of military leaders often referred to as the
“nobility",
Sometimes the state was ruled by
the 'best' people, by aristocrats.
(Aristos is Greek for ‘.best'; Kratos
is Greek for ‘power’).
 From the French Revolution (1789-1799) onwards, the power of aristocrats has
been on the decline.
 There are no contemporary examples of aristocratic government.