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The Earth is made up of 4 layers: Inner Core, Outer Core, Mantle, & Crust. The outer layer is called the Crust. The Oceanic Crust is thinner than the Continental Crust. The crust is made up of rocks. The crust is the thinnest layer of the Earth. The Mantle is made up of rock. It is so hot that it flows. The movement of the Mantle is why the plates move on the Crust. The mantle is the thickest layer of the Earth. The Outer Core is made up of metal (nickel and iron). It is liquid metal. The Inner Core is also made up of metal (nickel and iron). It is so dense that it is a solid. The crust is broken up into plates (like an eggshell breaks up into pieces). Most of the earthquakes and volcanoes in the world occur where two plates meet. The most active area of volcanoes and earthquakes is called the Ring of Fire. It circles around the Pacific Ocean. The Atlantic Ocean is growing because the Mid Atlantic Ridge continues to separate. Magma seeps up from below, cools, and hardens to form new oceanic crust. The Crust is made up of 3 types of rock: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary. Igneous rock forms when magma cools. Most of the rock on Earth is igneous rock. Sometimes high temperatures and pressure can change the crystals in a rock. Rock that has been changed by temperature or pressure under the earth is called metamorphic rock. The weather can break down rocks into small pieces. Then the small pieces are pressed together to form new rock called sedimentary rock. This happens from weathering: temperature, wind, and water.