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Transcript
Biology 100 Problem Set for Unit 4 1. Complete the table. Drug Binds to: Nicotine Acetylcholine receptors Adenosine receptors Caffeine Cocaine Amphetamine MDMA Antidepressants Dopamine recycling transporters Dopamine recycling transporters Serotonin recycling transporters Serotonin recycling transporter Binds as (agonist, antagonist, other) Agonist Antagonist Antagonist Consequences to cell upon binding: Stimulates action potential Enables action potentials (stops inhibition) Increases dopamine levels in the synapse Antagonist Increase dopamine levels in the synapse Antagonist Increase serotonin levels in the synapse Increase serotonin levels in the synapse Antagonist 2. Which medical condition would make stimulant use particularly ill-advised? Check all that apply. a) b) c) d) e) Hypertension (high blood pressure) Narcolepsy Anorexia Anxiety often true, but antidepressants are used to treat some forms Depression 3. How do many stimulants lead to increases in body temperature? There are TWO considerations. They increase activity and decrease blood vessel diameter therefore less heat loss to environment. 4. Create a graph that shows the PERCENT CHANGE in pulse rate for worms exposed to drugs A and B based on the data in the table. Drug A B Pre-drug pulse (beats per minute) 26 31 63-26 / 26 = 142% (A) 63-31/31 = 103% (B) Post-drug pulse (beats per minute) 63 63 Biology 100 Problem Set for Unit 4 5. In the data given in the previous question, one student argued that both drugs have equal ability to elevate the pulse because the post-drug pulse is the same in both cases. Correct this notion. Drug A is nearly twice (40% better) as good as drug B in elevating pulse because the particular worm used in testing drug B had a higher “resting” (pre-drug) pulse and there was less change to bring it to the same rate as was seen post-drug in worm A. 6. Among the stimulants, which is easiest to overdose on? What data did you consult to answer this question? Cocaine, with about TI = 10. 7. Both MDMA and cocaine cause a user to feel a sense of let-down or depression once the drug has left the system. Explain this on the basis of neurotransmitters. Both result in poor neurotransmitter recycling, and therefore the neurotransmitters must be made from scratch because the reserves have been depleted. Until this happens, people feel blue. 8. Using xanthenes (caffeine and relatives) and amphetamines, what can you generalize about the presence of a methyl group to stimulants? More methyls means more impact of the drug, more potency. 9. If one was to look at nicotine half-life and compare that number for different racial groups, one would see that the half life for Latinos =122 minutes, while the half life for Chinese Americans = 152 minutes, and the half life for caucasians = 134 minutes. a) What would this difference mean in terms of CYP2A6? Longer half lives probably means weaker enzyme activity, and more satisfaction from less nicotine b) What would this half life mean in terms of smoking behaviors? Shorter half lives means people light up more frequently and feel less side effects, therefore more likely to become addicted. This would seem to affect Latinos more. 10. Wellbutrin is a drug that blocks the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine, primarily. a) Based on this information, do you think Wellbutrin is a stimulant? Yes. b) Explain. More excitatory neurotransmitter (dopamine and NE) in the synapse means more action potentials in the post-synaptic cell.