Download Bio 4 - Study Guide 4

Bio 4 - Study Guide 4
Chapter 23 – Population Genetics
What are the 5 agents of microevolution? (genetic drift, bottleneck effect, founder’s effect, gene flow, adaptive evolution,
Darwinian fitness, female choice) What are the three types of natural selection? (know graphs and how the environment
filters out individuals for each) What is sexual dimorphism? What are the 4 reasons evolution doesn’t make perfect
organisms? Summarize the main points of the article, “Ecological and Genetic factors in Conservation: A Cautionary
Tale.” What is the smallest unit that can evolve? Why? What is a species? Population? What is microevolution? Know
the Hardy-Weinberg equation and how it is used. What are the 5 assumptions?
Chapter 24 – The Origin of Species
What is a “biological species”? What is a ring species? What are the prezygotic and postzygotic isolating
mechanisms? What is allopatric and sympatric speciation? What is adaptive radiation? What is punctuated equilibrium?
What is gradualism?
Chapter 25 & 26 – Early Earth and the Origin of Life
Know the condition of early earth involved in the chemical origin of life (lightening, UV light, etc.). Know the
theory of the chemical origin of life. (Be sure you can explain the experiments by Louis Pasteur (spontaneous generation
vs. biogenesis), Oparin and Haldane, Miller/Urey, Sydney Fox, RNA, Proteobionts,, ribozymes) Know the geological time
scale. Adaptive Radiation, Continental Drift, plate tectonics, Pangaea, Gonwana, Laurasia, K-T boundary.
Chapter 50 – Ecology
What is ecology? What are the biotic and abiotic factors discussed in class? Community? Ecosystem?
Biosphere? Niche? Habitat? Biome?
Chap 52 – Population Ecology
What is a population? What is density? What are density dependent and density independent factors? What is
dispersion? What are the three types of dispersion patterns? Which is the most common? What are the two types of
population growth models? What is carrying capacity? What are the two types of opportunistic life histories? What are the
characteristics for each? Which is better adapted for an unstable environment? Where do humans fit in? What is ZPG?
How can this be achieved? What is the best way to stop many of our environmental problems today?
Chapter 53 – Community Ecology
What is a community? What is an ecosystem? What are the trophic levels discussed in class. What is an energy
pyramid? What is the 10% rule? What is competition (both intraspecific and interspecific)? What is a niche? What is the
competitive exclusion principle? What is a predator? What is a prey? Coevolution? Mimicry (batesian and mullerian)?
What is a keystone species? What is the keystone predator for this area? What is a symbiotic relationship?
(commensalism, mutualism, competition, predation) What is character displacement? Resource partitioning? What is
disturbance and how does it affect community structure? What is succession? What is the difference between primary and
secondary succession? What is meant by top-down model or bottom up model?