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Name: __________________________ Per.______________
BIOLOGY EOC REVIEW PACKET (Major grade! Due May 6!)
Scientific Method
1. Define the following:
a. Independent Variable:
b. Dependent Variable:
c. Control Variable:
d. Controlled experiment:
e. Hypothesis:
2. You have measured the rate at which a fish breaths at various temperatures by counting the rate at
which its gills open. The data table is shown below. Create a line graph depicting the results.
Breathing Rate
(breaths/minute)
Temperature (°C)
19
5
25
10
30
20
34
30
38
35
a. What is the independent variable? Explain why.
b. The dependent variable? Explain why.
c. What happens to breathing rate with increase in temperature?
d. Identify at least 3 control variables in this experiment.
e. What do you think would happen if you raised the temperature even more? Why would it be a
bad idea to do this?
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3. An experiment was performed to determine how much fertilizer was needed to produce the most
pumpkins on the vine. The results are shown below.
Pumpkin A
Pumpkin B
Pumpkin C
Type of pumpkin
seed
Jack-o-Lantern
Jack-o-Lantern
Jack-o-Lantern
Amount of water
given daily (mL)
29.5
29.5
29.5
full sunlight
full sunlight
full sunlight
23.9
23.9
23.9
0
200
300
Type of soil
organic
Organic
Organic
Day the seeds
were planted
7/8/2007
7/8/2007
7/8/2007
Number of
pumpkins that
the vine
produced.
3
6
2
Amount of
sunlight
Temperature
(oC)
Amount of
fertilizer given (g)
a. What is the problem?
b. What is the independent variable?
c. What is the dependant variable?
d. Identify at least 3 control variables in this experiment.
e. How much fertilizer would you use to grow the most pumpkins?
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Chapter 2 – The Chemistry of Life
4. Fill in chart below:
Organic
Molecule:
Contains which of
the following:
C, H, O, N, P
Made up of:
Function
•
•
Carbohydrates
•
•
•
Lipids
•
•
•
•
•
Proteins
•
Nucleic Acids
5. What is the function of an enzyme?
6. How do temperature and pH affect enzymes?
7. Why is water important to living things?
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Structural support for plants
Store energy for living
things
Leaves translucent spots on
paper
Steroids = chemical
messengers
Regulate cell processes.
Form bones & muscle.
Fight off disease. (Immune
System)
Examples
8. Label the parts of enzyme substrate complex (word bank: enzyme, substrate, enzyme substrate complex,
reactant, product)
A._________________
B. ________________
C._________________
D.__________________
E.____________________
9. Water is POLAR (which mean it is + on one end and – on the other).
10. Define Surface Tension:
11. Acids have pH
12. Bases have pH
13. Neutral solutions have pH of
Chapter 7 – Cell Structure & Function (including Diffusion and Osmosis)
14. Define the following:
a. Lipid bilayer –
b.
Protein Channels –
15. List the function of the following organelles:
Organelle
Function
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Cell membrane
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Cell wall
Mitochondria
Vacuoles
Lysosome
Golgi apparatus
Chloroplast
Endoplasmic reticulum
16. Label as many parts of the cells as you can.
17. Which is a plant cell – left or right?
18. List the hierarchy of cell organization from largest to smallest below:
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19. Compare and contrast eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells.
20. Compare and contrast plant cells and animal cells.
Plant:
Animal:
Both:
21. Define semi-permeable membrane:
22. In osmosis, water moves from an area of___________to an area of ________ concentration.
23. In diffusion, molecules move from an area of _______to an area of _________ concentration.
24. Explain what has happened in the diagram to the left.
a. Why did the large dark molecules NOT move to the left?
b. If the dark molecule is starch, where is the starch
concentration greatest (left or right)?
c. If the white molecule is water, where is the water concentration greatest at first?
d. If the dark molecules could move, in what direction would they move? Why
25. Draw arrows to show which way water will move in each of the following situations:
a. Salt inside the cell = 65% and outside the cell 40%.
b. Sugar inside the cell 27% and outside 80%.
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26. Complete the table.
Passive Transport
Active Transport
Requires energy?
Low to high or High to
low?
Diffusion,_______________,_______________
Exocytosis & ___________
Examples
Chapter 10 – The Cell Cycle & Mitosis
27. When does the duplication of DNA occur?
28. What is a cell doing during the GI and G2 periods?
29. What happens during cytokinesis?
30. If the cell cycle is controlled by enzymes, what might result if the genes
that control the production of these enzymes are damaged?
31. Put the following stages of mitosis (cell division) in order and label each phase as: interphase, prophase,
anaphase, metaphase, telophase.
32. Describe in words what happens at each stage of meiosis.
a. Interphase:
b. Prophase I:
c. Metaphase I:
d. Anaphase I:
e. Telophase I:
f.
Prophase II:
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g. Metaphase II:
h. Anaphase II:
i.
Telophase II:
33. Complete the following table comparing mitosis and meiosis.
Mitosis
Meiosis
Type of Reproduction (asexual or
sexual)
Chromosome number of parent cell
(1N=haploid or 2N=diploid)
Chromosome number of daughter
cells
(1N=haploid or 2N=diploid)
Number of Cell Divisions
Number of Daughter Cells
When does DNA replication take
place?
Interphase
Chapter 12 – DNA & RNA
34. To the right is a strand of DNA. Give the complementary nucleotide sequence needed to
make this a double helix.
________________________________________________
35. What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? _______________, __________. __________
36. What are the black pentagons? What are the PO4’s?
37. What kind of weak bonds hold the two strands of DNA together?
38. Describe the process of transcription and where it happens.
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39. If the strand of DNA to the left undergoes transcription, what will the sequence of the mRNA be?
40. What is a codon?
41. Describe the process of translation and where it happens.
42. After translation, what would the amino acid sequence be for this section of mRNA?
43. What kind of bond holds the amino acids together in the protein that is
formed?
44. Complete the following table comparing DNA and RNA.
DNA
RNA
Sugars
Bases
Number of Strands
Where in the Cell
Function
45. Describe the process of DNA replication.
46. What is the end result of DNA replication?
47. What is a mutation?
48. What the three types of RNA and what are their functions?
mRNA –
rRNA –
tRNA –
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Chapter 11 – Intro to Genetics
49. Define:
a. dominant –
b. recessive –
c. homozygous –
d. heterozygous –
e. genotype –
f. phenotype –
g. allele-
50. Sample Monohybrid Cross Question:
a. In a genetics laboratory, two heterozygous tall plants are crossed. If tall is dominant over short,
what are the expected phenotypic results? (SHOW YOUR WORK!)
PARENT CROSS _______x _______
______% Tall
_______% short
b. If one homozygous short plant is crossed with a heterozygous tall plant, what percentage of the
offspring will be short?
PARENT CORSS_______ x _______
__________% short
___________% Tall
c. What are the genotypes of the parents that would produce 50% short and 50% tall pea plants?
___________x ___________
51. Sample incomplete dominance question: When Red and white flowers are crossed, pink flowers are
produced. What is expected when two pink flowers cross?
Key: RR = red WW = white RW = pink
________X ______
________% red
________% pink
________% white
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52. Sample Blood Type (Multiple Allele/ co-dominant) Question: Mr. Jones has blood type A and Mrs. Jones
has blood type AB. What is the probability that they will have a child with blood type A if both of Mr. Jones’s
parents were AB?
Mr. Jones: IAIA
Mrs. Jones: IAIB
______% chance of a child with Type A blood
a. Is it possible for a male with A blood type to have a child with a female B blood type who is O?
Explain.
53. Why are males more likely to express a sex liked trait?
54. Sample Sex-linked trait Question: Color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait. A mother with normal
color vision and a color blind father have a color blind daughter. Which of the following statements is
correct?
a. All of their daughters will be color blind.
b. The mother is a carrier of the color blindness gene.
c. All of their sons will have normal color vision.
d. All of their sons will be color blind.
55. In a pedigree, an open circle indicates:____________ and a solid square indicates: _______
56. Answer the following:
I
II
III
1
1
2
2
3
3
1
2
4
5
4
5
6
a. What is the genotype of individual I-1?
b. What is the genotype of II-4?
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7
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c. If someone with the genotype similar to II-7 had children with someone with the same genotype as
III-3, what are the chances that their childen will be affected?
______ x _____
_________% chance of being affected
Chapter 1 – The Science of Biology
57. List 8 characteristics of living things:
58. What is homeostasis?
Chapter 8 & 9 – Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
59. What is the formula for photosynthesis?
Equation:
Word description of equation:
60. What are the reactants and products?
Reactants (in):
Products (out):
61. Write the formula for cellular respiration:
Equation:
Word description of equation:
62. What are the reactants and what are the products of cellular respiration?
Reactants(in):
Products (out):
63. Cellular Respiration occurs in (Plants / Animals / Both)?
64. Photosynthesis occurs in (Plants / Animals / Both)?
65. What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?
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Chapter 15 - Evolution
66. Define natural selection.
67. Describe co-evolution and give an example.
68. Describe Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection:
Chapter 18 - Classification
69. Originally, how many kingdoms were there? Why?
70. List the 7 levels of classification from largest to smallest.
K
P
C
O
F
G
S
71. What is binomial nomenclature?
72. Circle each of the following as prokaryotic or eukaryotic AND as autotrophic or heterotrophic AND as
unicellular or multicellular.
1. Bacteria – pro / eu
auto / hetero
uni / multi
2. Protists – pro / eu
auto / hetero
uni / multi
3. Plants – pro / eu
auto / hetero
uni / multi
4. Animals – pro / eu
auto / hetero
uni / multi
73. Identify each organism below:
Organism A:
A
B
Organism B:
C
Dichotomous Key:
1. a. The animal has eight legs …Arachnida
b. The animal has six legs … go to 2
2. a. The animal has spots … Coleoptera
b. The animal has stripes … Lepisiota
Organism C:
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Use the diagram to the right to help you answer questions 74-76
74. Which would be the most primitive organism?
75. Circle 2 organisms that would have the most similar DNA.
76. Why did you choose those 2 organisms (question 74)?
77. Are viruses living or nonliving? Explain.
78. Compare and Contrast Viruses and bacteria in regard to their structure.
Bacteria:
Viruses:
BOTH:
Chapter 22 Plants
79. List the parts of a plant and their function
a. Leaf
b. Stem
c. Roots
80. What do xylem and phloem carry?
a. Xylem
b. Phloem
81. Describe transpiration and how does it help the plant maintain
homeostasis?
82. What is a vascular system?
83. Identify how each types of plants reproduce:
a. Angiosperm
b. Gymnosperm
c. Ferns
d. Mosses
84. Describe the following plant responses and what part of the plant
is responding:
a. Phototropism
b. Thigmotropism
c. Geotropism/gravitropism
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Chapter 3 & 4 – Ecosystems
85. What are some adaptations that allow animals to survive on land? (as compared to water)
86. What are some adaptations that allow plants to survive on land? (as compared to water)
87. Explain the difference between biotic and abiotic factors.
Biotic –
Abiotic –
88. Define these types of relationships (symbiosis).Also use (+,-,0 ) to indicate the relationships
a. mutualism –
b. commensalism –
c. parasitism –
d. predator/prey –
e. competition –
89. What is carrying capacity?
90. How does photosynthesis relate to energy getting into ecosystems?
91. What role do decomposers play in the environment?
92. What is a trophic level?
93. What is a food chain?
94. What is a food web?
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95. What is the ultimate source of energy for this food
web?
96. What are the producers in this food web?
97. What are the primary consumers (herbivores) in this
food web?
98. What are the secondary consumers in this food web?
99. What are the highest level consumers in this food
web?
100. Create an energy pyramid from the food chain:
leaves → insects → birds → red fox → bear
BEAR
101. Where is the most energy in this pyramid? Where is
the least energy?
At the bottom –
At the top 102. What happens to energy as it moves through the
food chain/web?
RED FOX
BIRDS
INSECTS
LEAVES
103. Assume there are 10,000 kilocalories of energy in the leaves. Estimate the amount of energy in each of
the other levels of the energy pyramid.
Bear – _____ kilocalorie
Red fox – ____kilocalories
Birds – _____kilocalories
Insects – _____ kilocalories
Leaves – ______ kilocalories
104. What happens to matter as it moves through the food chain/web?
(example: carbon, nitrogen, water..)
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Body systems Interactions
Identify the function and organs in each body system
Body system
Function
Indicate if it is
used in Regulate,
reproduction,
defense,
absorption
Integumentary system
Immune system
Digestive system
Circulatory system
Respiratory system
Endocrine system
Excretory system
Nervous system
Muscular/ skeletal
system
105.
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Organs