Download Universal indicator

Title Page
This Book Was Made by: ______________________________________________________
This is the ONLY copy of this book you will get from me.
If you lose your copy you will have to print from home and start over.
You will be able to use your completed book on your test (2/1).
Page 1: Energy in living systems (Chapter 5.1)
Define Autotroph:
Draw 3 examples of autotrophs:
What process do autotrophs undergo to make energy? ___________________________________
Define Heterotroph:
Draw 3 examples of heterotrophs:
What process do heterotrophs undergo to make energy? ____________________________________
Page 2: ATP (Chapter 5.1)
Define ATP:
Describe the structure of ATP and how energy is used, stored and released:
Draw Figure 3 from page 96 in the book:
STOP: Show your teacher for credit (1/19)!
Page 3: Photosynthesis (Chapter 5.2)
Define Photosynthesis:
Summarize the 3 stages of photosynthesis:
Stage 1:
Stage 2:
Stage 3:
Where does photosynthesis occur in the cell? ________________________________
Describe 3 factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis:
Photosynthesis Cut and Paste (handout-follow the directions to fill out the diagram below)
1.______________
5.______________
2. ___________________
3.__________________
_
4(a). _____________+ 4(b)___________________  4(c)__________________ + 5._____________________
Page 4: Transport Systems in Plants (Chapter 23)
Define the following terms:
Cuticle:
Stomata:
Xylem:
Phloem:
Guard Cells:
Explain how plants absorb nutrients:
Explain how gas is exchanged in plants:
Lab- Water Transport in Plant Stems
Introduction: As water evaporates from the leaves of a plant, more water is drawn up by osmosis from
the tissues below to replace it. The replacement of water lost through transpiration is possible
because water molecules have polar covalent bonds. This causes one end of the molecule to have a
slightly positive charge and the other end to have a negative charge. Because of this, the water
molecules act like "small magnets". The positive end of one water molecule sticks to the negative end
of another in a long chain that is pulled upward against the force of gravity.
When enclosed in a narrow tube, such as the transport vessels of a plant, water molecules can
withstand a large force without being pulled apart.
DATA TABLE:
Beginning time: ___________
Ending time: ___________ Length food color traveled up stalk. ______ cm
CALCULATIONS:
Calculate the number of minutes it took for the coloring to reach the top.
Time for color to reach the top of stalk. = _________ minutes
Calculate the rate of travel of the food coloring up the celery stalk in centimeters per minute.
Rate of Travel =
Rate of travel = _________
cm
/
min
length of celery stalk (cm)
time for color to reach top of stalk (min)
Page 5: Lab questions and Leaf Cross-section
LAB QUESTIONS:
1. What type of tissue moves water upward in a plant stem?
2. Name and explain 2 properties of water that enable it to move upward against gravity in a stem.
3. What is transpiration and where does it occur in plants?
4. How does transpiration help the upward movement of water?
Leaf Cross Section (color the diagram on page 6 according to the description below)
Leaves are parts of plants. In most plants, leaves are the major sites of photosynthesis, the conversion of energy
from sunlight into chemical energy (food). Leaves take in carbon dioxide from the air and produce oxygen
through stomata (tiny pores in the leaf). Leaves come in many sizes and shapes; they are often used to help
identify plants. Some leaves are flat and wide; others are spiky and thin. Plant spines (like cactus spines) are
actually modified leaves. Leaves are also responsible for respiration and transpiration.
The whole leaf looks green to us, but most of the cells and cell material are colorless or clear. The green color
comes from the chlorophyll molecules in the chloroplasts. The upper surface of a leaf is covered with a waxy
cuticle to prevent water loss. A single layer of specialized flattened epidermal cells makes up the upper and
lower surfaces of the leaf. Label the upper and lower epidermis in and color the cells pink. Below the upper
epidermis are two layers of photosynthetic cells called mesophyll cells. The top layer of mesophyll cells look like
bricks standing up on their ends. They are called palisade mesophyll cells and are the site of photosynthesis.
Label and color the palisade mesophyll cells light green. Below the palisade mesophyll cells are the spongy
mesophyll cells. These cells are irregular in shape and have spaces between them called intercellular spaces.
These spaces are filled with gases like oxygen that the leaf is producing and carbon dioxide, which the leaf is
using. Label the intercellular spaces, and color and label the spongy mesophyll cells dark green. Running through
the leaf are the veins made up of vascular tissue in a bundle. Xylem (water carrying tubes) are at the top of the
vascular bundle, while the phloem (food carrying tubes) is below xylem in the vascular bundle in cross section of
the leaf. Label the xylem and color it light blue. Color and label the phloem dark blue. On the lower epidermis
of the leaf are openings for gas exchange called stomata. Label a stoma. On either side of the stomata are two
cells called guard cells that help open and close the stomata so the plant will not lose too much water in the
heat of the day. Water loss from leaves is called transpiration and causes the plant to wilt as it loses turgor
pressure and the cell membrane pulls away from the plant cell walls. Label and color the guard cells violet.
Page 6: Leaf cross-section and Questions
1. How does water vapor escape from a leaf? What is the process called? ____________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Where would the greatest number of chloroplasts be found in a leaf? _____________________
3. What protects the surface of a plant from water loss? ____________________________________
4. Why are the air spaces between the spongy mesophyll cells important? __________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
5. When water is lost from a plant, why does the plant looked wilted? ________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
STOP: Show your teacher for credit (1/23)
Page 7: Cellular Respiration (chapter 5.3)
Define Cellular Respiration:
Summarize the 2 stages of cellular respiration:
Stage 1 (glycolysis):
Stage 2: (Krebs cycle and Electron Transport Chain):
Where does cellular respiration occur in the cell? ___________________________________________
Cellular Respiration Cut and Paste (handout- follow the directions to fill out the diagram
below)
Cellular Respiration
7 (c) _____________________
6(c) _______________________
7 (a)______________  (b) _____________
6(a)_______________
+
(b)_______________
7(a)______________ + 7(b) ______________  8. (a) ______________ + (b) _____________
Page 8: Lab- Every Breath You Take (This lab has to sit for 2 day so please plan accordingly)
Hypothesis: (answer this before you start your lab)
Do animals breathe? _________________ Do plants breathe? ___________________
How do you know?
___________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Data:
Container
Universal Indicator
+ Plant
Initial observations
Final observations
Universal indicator
Universal indicator
+ Human breath
Conclusion Questions
1. a. What gas is exhaled during breathing? _________________
b. Breathing is actually a part of what biological process? ____________________________________
2. a. What substance does universal indicator actually test for? ____________________________
b. Is this the same substance that is exhaled during breathing? If so, state the substance. If
not, explain why universal indicator can still be used to detect exhalation even though it
does not directly test for the substance that is exhaled._________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. 3. What was the purpose of covering the containers with aluminum foil?
________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. A. Do animals breathe? Use your test results to support your answer. _________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
b. Do plants breathe? Use your test results to support your answer. ___________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
STOP: Show your teacher for credit (1/25)
Page 9: Respiratory System (Chapter 38.3)
Define the following Terms:
Pharynx:
Larynx:
Trachea:
Bronchi:
Alveoli:
Diaphragm:
Describe the pathway of air into and out of the body:
What function do the lungs serve?
Summarize Oxygen Transport:
Summarize Carbon Dioxide Transport:
Describe 3 respiratory diseases
How is the respiratory system aide in cellular respiration?
Page 10: Circulatory System (Chapter 38.1 and 38.2)
Define the following terms:
Cardiovascular system:
Arteries:
Capillaries:
Veins:
Lymphatic system:
Explain how the circulatory and respiratory systems work together to transport nutrients
throughout the body:
What is the difference between red blood cells and white blood cells?
How does the circulatory system aide in cellular respiration?
Label the following diagram and draw arrows pointing to each part (page 873)
______________________________
______________________________
____________________
____________________
__________________________________
______________________
______________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________
_________________________
Page 11: Diagram of the Respiratory System and draw arrows showing the path of gases and
they travel through the system (page 888)
1) ____________________________
8) ____________________________
7) ____________________________
_________________
_
2) ____________________________
6) ____________________________
3) ____________________________
_________________
5) ____________________________
4) ____________________________
_________________
Digestive System: (page 906)
Using the diagram below, summarize the pathway that your food takes as if travels through
your body once you eat it. Draw arrows showing the path of food and label the organs:
Stop: Show your teacher for credit (1/27)
Page 12: Your Body’s Need for Food (Chapter 39.1)
Define the following Terms:
Nutrient:
Digestion:
Calorie:
Vitamins:
Minerals:
Summarize the roles of the following macromolecules play as part of your diet:
Carbohydrate:
What is it?
Protein:
What is it?
What does it do:
What does it do?
Foods containing carbohydrates:
Foods containing proteins:
% of diet:
% of diet:
Lipids:
What is it?
Vitamins, Minerals and Water:
What do they do?
Vitamins:
What does it do?
Foods containing lipids:
% of diet:
Minerals:
Water:
Page 13: Anaerobic Processes (Chapter 5.3)
Define anaerobic:
Explain where and how lactic acid fermentation occurs:
Explain where and how alcoholic fermentation occurs:
Conclusion Questions: answer in complete sentences
Carbon Dioxide is produced when cells break down nutrients for energy. Which two systems
participate in removing carbon dioxide from the body?
Although not mentioned in your book, what system do you think sends signals to your
respiratory, circulatory and digestive systems so that they work properly?
If the xylem of a young tree is damaged, what processes will the plant be unable to undergo?
If a plant species lives in an area with limited sunlight, what types of adaptations would be
necessary for the plants survival?
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different?
How are they the same?
Do you think plants undergo cellular respiration?
Stop: Show your teacher for credit (1/31)
Your test is tomorrow (2/1)