Download timeline for islam and ottoman empires

TIMELINE FOR ISLAM AND OTTOMAN EMPIRES
570-632 C.E. - Life of Muhammad. He is born in Mecca, a pilgrimage cite for Arabs who worship at
the site of the Ka’aba.
610 - Muhammad begins to preach monotheism.
622 - Muhammad forced to flee to Medina.
630 - Muhammad and his followers capture Mecca in 630.
632 - Muhammad dies and he is succeeded by four caliphs, elected successors. These leaders form the
Orthodox Caliphate. They were good generals and they conquered and converted southern Arabia,
parts of the Byzantine Empire, north Africa, Spain, and the Persian Empire.
632-634 - Abu Bakr
634-644 - Umar
644-656 – Uthman. He was murdered by partisans of Ali.
656-661 - Ali. Ali was Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law. He was murdered and replaced by the
661-750 - Umayyad dynasty, which moved the capital of the empire to Damascus. At this time the
sect of Shi'ites broke away from Islam. Shi'ites are a minority everywhere except Iran.
750- Umayyads massacred and overthrown by the
750-1258 - Abbasid dynasty, which moved the capital to Baghdad. Islamic Empire has a "Golden
Age." (The Ummayads fled to Spain where they set up their own caliphate, which lasted until
1492…what happened in 1492?)
861 – Abbasid caliphs become the puppets of officers of Turkish elite guards.
929 - Abd al-Rahman III of Cordova adopts title of Caliph.
969 - Fatimids (Shi’i) take over Egypt.
1054 – Schism between the RCC and the EO.
1055 - Seljuk Turks, former nomads converted to Islam, capture Baghdad, and proclaim their leader
the sultan, ruling on "behalf" of the Abbasids. IT IS THE END OF ARAB POWER IN ISLAM!
1058 – Abbasid Caliphs crown Seljuq Tughril Beg as “Sultan” (temporal leader.)
1071 - Seljuks beat the Byzantines at Manzikert and capture Jerusalem, the trigger for the First
Crusade.
1099 – Christians take Jerusalem
1157 – Seljuq Shah builds Iranian empire in opposition to Abbasids.
1171 - Downfall of Fatimids.
1187 – Saladin retakes Jerusalem.
1219 – Chinggis Khan launches attack on Islamic rule in Transoxiana and Persia
1221 – Chinggis Khan (Temujin) leads the Mongol army into Persia. Mongols later split their
domains into separate Khanates: Il-Khans (Persia) and Golden Horde (Russia.)
1250 - Ottoman Turks, having been driven west by the Mongols, take service with the Seljuks.
1250 – Mamluks take over Egypt from the French.
1258 – Mongol army captures Baghdad. END OF ISLAM’S GOLDEN AGE.
1260 Mamluks defeat Mongols (Il-Khans) at Ain Julat.
1288 - Osman I, chief of the Ottomans, proclaims himself Sultan of all the Turks, and thus founds
the Ottoman Empire.
1370-1405 – TAMERLANE, a Muslim of Mongol descent, reconstitutes the Empire of the Il-Khans,
and conquers most of the Islamic world.
1421-51 – Murad II develops the janissary system.
1453 - Ottomans conquer Constantinople, the last nail in the coffin of the Byzantine Empire.
Ottomans expanded across Christian Europe in the 16th century, acquiring territory in Greece,
Bulgaria, Serbia, Romania, Hungary and the Crimea. They took control of Egypt, parts of North
Africa and Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Persia, Iraq and Yemen.
1501 – Isma’il begins Safavid Dynasty in Persia. He is the descendant of a 200 year old family of Sufi
mystics.
1520-1566 - Reign of Suleiman the Magnificent: the Golden Age of the Ottoman Empire.
1529 - First Siege of Vienna. Turks held off but it is a close call.
1536 - Alliance between Suleiman and Francis I of France against the Habsburgs.
1571 - Battle of Lepanto: Turks are defeated by Spanish and Venetians. It is the end of Turkish sea
power in Europe.
1587 – Shah Abbas – the high point of Safavid rule.
1683 - Turks fail again to successfully besiege Vienna. It's the beginning of the end for the Ottoman
Empire.
1687 - Battle of Mohacs, in which the Ottomans are defeated and Hungary becomes a hereditary
Habsburg possession.