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5th GRADE SOCIAL STUDIES
CHAPTER 4 NOTES
ENCOUNTERS IN THE
AMERICAS
LESSON 1
FALL OF THE AZTECS
 In 1519 the Aztec Empire
was very strong in the
middle of today’s Mexico
 The Aztec king was called
Motecuhzoma, and their
capital was Tenochtitlan
 Aztec priests saw signs
which indicated that the
Aztec Empire was ending.
 In 1519 Hernando Cortes,
a Spanish conquistador
sailed from Cuba to
Mexico.
 He had only 500 soldiers
with him and he wanted
the gold of the Aztecs
 As he marched towards
Tenochtitlan, many Indian
tribes who were Aztecs’
enemies helped him
 Motecuhzoma thought
Cortes was their god and
welcomed him with gold
gifts
 Within 2 years Cortes
killed Motecuhzoma and
ruined Tenochtitlan.
 Aztec civilization was
almost destroyed by:
1. Advanced Spanish
weapons
2. European diseases
which were new to
Indians
 Cortes and his soldiers
gained fame, glory, wealth
and were called
Conquistadors
 Spain now ruled Mexico.
 Spain built Mexico City on
the ruins of Tenochtitlan. It
became the capital of
Spanish empire in the
Americas
FALL OF THE INCAS
 In 1531 Francisco
Pizarro, a Spanish
conquistador, and 180
soldiers sailed from
Panama to South America
 Pizarro arrived at the Incan
Empire when the empire
was torn apart by a civil
war
 Pizarro demanded
Atahuallpa (the Incan
emperor) to give up his
religion and accept
Christianity, also accept
king of Spain as his
master.
 Atahuallpa refused. He
was killed
 Spain conquered Incan
Empire and made slaves of
Incas
 This conquest made Spain
even richer, but ended the
Incan civilization
CHAPTER 4 LESSON 2
THE SPANISH MOVE
INTO FLORIDA
 Ponce de Leon was an
Spanish explorer who lived
in Hispaniola (today’s
Haiti and Dominican
Republic)
 He conquered island of
Puerto Rico
 In 1513 he went in search
of “Fountain of Youth” to
Florida, but could not find
it
 Named Florida, but was
killed by the Indians of
Florida
 He was the first European
to set foot in today’s USA
THE SEVEN CITIES OF
GOLD
 Many rumors of riches
north of Mexico started
going around
 Francisco Vasquez de
Coronado a Spanish
explorer lived in Mexico
City
 In 1540 he went in search
for the Seven Cities of
Gold, in what is now
Arizona New Mexico, and
Texas, but could not find
any gold city.
 Returned back, carving a
route which later became
the Santa Fe Trail.
Claimed all that land for
Spain
DE SOTO MOVES AHEAD
 In 1539 Hernando De
Soto, Spanish explorer,
sailed from Spain with 600
soldiers
 Explored Southeastern
region of today’s USA:
Florida, Georgia, North
and South Carolina,
Alabama, Mississippi
River, Arkansas,
Louisiana, looking for gold
 They fought with many
Indian tribes, but found no
gold
 He claimed the lands he
explored in the Southeast
for Spain
 He and his men were the
first Europeans to see the
Mississippi River
 De Soto died of fever in
1542 during the
exploration
EXPLORER
REGION
REASON
EXPLORED
FOR
EXPLOR.
Ponce de
Florida
Leon
Coronado
Fountain
of Youth
South
Seven
WESTERN Cities of
De Soto
USA
Gold
South
Gold
EASTERN
USA
CHAPTER 4 LESSON 3
BUILDING NEW SPAIN
 Spanish missionaries
taught Christianity to the
native people
 Conquistadors were
rewarded large land grants
in New Spain, today’s
Mexico
 Many colonists worked
either in the gold and silver
mines, or started huge
plantation with the land
grants
 Colonists needed many
workers to grow crops,
work in mines, build cities,
SO they made the Indians
their slaves. Slaves had no
freedom
 Thousands of Indians died
from fighting with the
Spanish, European
diseases, hard work and
hunger
DEMAND FOR LABOR
 As the number of Indian
slaves decreased, demand
for labor grew in Mexico
 African slaves were
shipped to Americas and
Mexico for hard labor
 Africans, as slaves in
Mexico, worked under the
same terrible conditions as
the Indians had.
THE SLAVE TRADE
 Slavery: brought from
West Africa (later on
became known as Slave
Coast)
 Terrible conditions on
ships
 Cruel treatment,
diseases spread
 Some died, others
jumped overboard
 Slaves’ work helped
raise money for the
Spanish government
 Spain became the
richest and most
powerful country in
Europe
CHAPTER 4 LESSON 4
Spanish: grew rich and
powerful from their colonies
in Middle and South America
Dutch and French: grew rich
by trading for fur in North
America
THE FRENCH IN NORTH
AMERICA
 Indians traded beaver furs
for European goods (iron
tools, pans, pots, guns)
 Jacques Cartier : French
explorer
1. In 1534 he sailed and
explored St. Lawrence
River in today’s Canada
2. He looked for the North
West Passage, a short cut
to Asia. Did not find it
3. He traded with the
Huron Indians
 The French King Henry IV
wanted to start colonies in
North America.
 French businessmen
started company, sent
cartographer to map beaver
places
 The cartographer was
called Samuel de
Champlain. He was:
1. Explored St. Lawrence
River
2. In 1608 he started the
first important French
colony of Quebec in
Americas
3. He also started a trading
post at what is now
Montreal
THE STRUGGLE FOR THE
FUR TRADE
 Fur trade brought wealth to
the French and the Hurons
 Hurons used trade network
to trade with other Indian
tribes
 Iroquois tribes started
trading the same way with
the Dutch
 Dutch started settlements
in North America after
1609
 Henry Hudson : Dutch
explorer
1. claimed land along the
Hudson River for the
Dutch
2. Dutch colony was called
New Netherlands, its
capital was New
Amsterdam
3. New Amsterdam
(today’s New York City)
became a center for trade
o Iroquois and Huron
tribes fought over
control of trade
1. Control of trade meant
power over other Indian
tribes
2. Fighting went on and
on, weakening both tribes
3. At the end both lost their
lands and all the fur to the
Europeans
4. Trade and wars changed
the lifestyles of the
Eastern Indians totally
CHAPTER 4 LESSON 5
THE MYSTERY OF
ROANOKE
 English: Queen Elizabeth
I encouraged exploration
 In 1585 she sent Sir Walter
Raleigh to start a colony
off the coast of North
Carolina on an island
called Roanoke
 The settlement failed and
returned home after a year
 Raleigh sent another group
under the leadership of
John White to Roanoke
 John White returned back
to England for more
supplies
 England was at war now,
so White returned back to
Roanoke 3 years later
 He found everyone gone.
They could not find
anyone
 Roanoke Colony became
known as the Lost Colony
SUCCESS AT JAMESTOWN
 In 1607 settlers were sent
to make profit by the
Virginia Company of
London
 They settled on the
Chesapeake, Virginia, and
called their settlement
Jamestown
 Jamestown was on a poor
land full of mosquitoes
 After one year half of the
settlers died
 Jamestown survived
because of its new leader
Captain John Smith who
made everyone work
instead of looking for gold
 Five years later Jamestown
became successful selling
tobacco ( the new gold)
THE FOUNDING OF PLYMOUTH
COLONY
 In 1620 a ship named
Mayflower brought new
settlers from England
 On board was group of
families called Separatists,
or people who had
separated from the Church
of England
 Separatists became known
as pilgrims
 Before landing the men
signed an agreement called
the Mayflower Compact
by which they agreed to
make and obey the laws of
the colony
 First winter half of them
died. Help came from
Indians: Squanto or
Tisquantum, became their
interpreter, showed
Pilgrims where to fish and
how to plant crops
THE MAYFLOWER
COMPACT
 Was signed by Pilgrim
men on the Mayflower
ship
 They agreed to make laws
for the good of the people
of the colony and obey
those rules they had
written
 Importance of the
Mayflower Compact is: It
was the first self rule, or
democracy, by colonists in
America.