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Review of Causes/Effects of Exploration ► Lure of wealth from trade ► Power that came from the wealth Made countries to desire more trade Trade Routes ► Crusades opened up the Far East using the Middle East ► Italians controlled the monopoly with the Middle East Italians got rich while Europe protested ► Europeans searched for new routes New Technology • New ships – Caravel • Navigation tools – Compass – Astrolabe – Sextant • Spread of knowledge – Printing press ►Portugal ►Spain ►France ►England Portugal ►Invent caravel ►First to map Asian route around Africa Spain ► Columbus sailed west to find Asia ► Granted territory by Treaty of Tordesillas ► Spanish conquistadors claimed much of America ► Encomiendas ► Haciendas ► Colonies New Spain Peru ► Sought the Northwest Passage FRANCE ► Cartier Explored the St. Lawrence River ► Established fur trade ► Colony New France – Champlain & Quebec ENGLAND ► Sought Northwest Passage ► Cabot Newfoundland, Canada ► Hudson Hudson Bay ► Established trade fishing ►Mercantilism ►Changes for Native Americans ►Slavery ►Columbian Exchange Mercantilism ►Colonies exist to make profit for European country ►Favorable balance of trade Colony produces raw materials for the country Colony buys finished product from the country Effects on Native Americans ► Death by disease ► Killed by the Spanish ► Loss of freedom and culture SLAVERY ► Brought to Americas to replace Natives Introduced by Spanish & Portuguese COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE