Download medical terminology 2

Basic elements of a medical word
Medical word elements:
 Specialized vocabulary used by health care practitioners
 A medical word consists of :
1.
2.
3.
4.
word root
combining form
suffix
prefix
Word root
 the core of medical term
 contains the fundamental meaning
 most are derived form Greek or Latin
Ex. Greek word derm and Latin word cutane both refer to the skin.
Example of word root
Greek or Latin word
Nephros (Gr)
Oris (L)
Renes (L)
Dermatos (Gr)
Word root
Nephr
Or
Ren
derm
meaning
Kidney
Mouth
Kidney
Skin
Combining form
 word root to which vowel is added
 enable two element to be connected
Example of combining forms
Word root
Gastr
Hepat
Immune
Oste
vowel
O
O
O
O
Combining form
Gastr/o
Hepat/o
Immune/o
Oste/o
Meaning
stomach
Liver
Immune,safe
Bone
Suffixes
 word element placed at the end of the word or root that change the meaning of
the word
 A suffix usually indicates a procedure, condition, disease, or part of speech.
Example of suffixes
Combining form
Gastr/o
suffix
-itis
Medical word
gastritis
-megaly
Gastromegaly
-oma
Gastroma
Meaning
Inflammation of
stomach
Enlargement of
stomach
Tumor of the
stomach
Prefixes


Word element attached to the beginning of a word or word root
A prefix usually indicates a number, time, position, direction, or negation.
Example of prefixes
prefix
Hyper- (above
normal)
Intra- (in,
within)
Word root
Therm (heat)
suffix
-ia (condition)
Medical word
hyperthermia
Muscul
(muscle)
-ar (relating to)
intramuscular
Meaning
Condition of
excessive heat
Within the
muscle
Basic rules


Defining medical words
Building medical word
Defining medical words:



Rule # 1= define the suffix or last part of the word
Rule # 2= define the first part of the word ( word, root, combining form, or
prefix)
Rule # 3= define the middle of the word
Example of defining rules "gastreoenteritis"
Combining form
Gastr/o
Stomach
Rule # 2
middle
Enter/
Intestine
Rule # 3
Suffix
-it is
Inflammation
Rule #1
Definition = inflammation of the stomach and intestine
Building medical words

Rule # 1= a word root links a suffix that begins with a vowel
Ex. Hepat/ + -itis = hepatitis
inflammation of the liver


Rule #2 =a combining form links a suffix that begins with a consonant
Hepat/o + cyte = hepatocyte
liver cell
Rule # 3= use a combining form to link a root to another root to form a
compound word
Oste/o +chondr/ +itis = osteochondritis
inflammation of born and
cartilage
Exercises
1. Hematology
Hemat (R)= blood
O (V)
logy (S)= study of
Study of blood
2. gastroenterology
gastr (R1)= stomach
Logy (S)= study
O (V)
enter (R2)= intestines
O (V)
Study of stomach and intestine
3. electrocardiogram
electr (R1)= electricity O (V)
cardi (R2)=heart
Gram (S)= record
Record of the electricity in the heart
O (V)
4. subgastric
Sub (P)= under
gastr (R)=stomach
ic (S)= pertaining
Pertaining to heart
5. cardiac
cardi (R)= heart
ac (S)= pertaining to
Pertaining to heart
6. Transgastric
Trans (P)=across
gastr (R)= stomach
ic (S)= pertaining to
Pertaining to across the stomach
7. retrogastric
Retro (P)= behind
gastr (R)= stomach ic (s)= pertaining to
Pertaining to behind the stomach
8. adenoma
aden (R)= gland
oma( S)= tumor
Tumor of gland
9. arthritis
arthr (R)= joint
10.
biology
itit (S)= inflammation
Inflammation of joint
bio (R)= life
logy (S)=study
Study of life
11.
cephalic
cephal (R)= Head
ic (S)= pertaining to
Pertaining to head
12.
cerebral
cerebr (R)= large part of brain
al (S)= pertaining to
Pertaining to large part of brain
13.
cystoscope
cyst (R)= urinary bladder
O (V)
scope (S)= instrument to
visually examine
Instrument to visually examine of urinary bladder
14.
cytology
cyt (R)= cell
O(V)
logy (S)=study
Study of cell
15.
dermatitis
dermat (R)= skin
itis (S)= inflammation
Inflammation of skin
16.
entritis
entr(R)= intestines
itis (S)= inflammation
Inflammation of intestine
17.
gastroscopy
gastr (R)= stomach
O (V)
scopy (S)= process to viewing
Process to viewing the stomach
18.
gynecology
gynec (R)= woman disease
O (V)
logy(S)= study
Study of woman disease
19.
hematoma
hemat (R)= blood
oma (S) =tumor
Tumor of blood
20.
hepatitis
hepat (R)= liver
itis (S)= inflammation
Inflammation of liver
21.
laprotomy
lapr (R)= abdomen
O (V)
tomy (S)= cut into
Cut into abdomen
22.
Nephrectomy
Nephr (R)= kidney
ectomy (S)= remove
Remove of kidney
23.
neurology
neur (R)= nerve
O(V)
logy (S)= study
Study of nerve
24.
oncologist
onc (R)= tumor O(V)
logist( S)= specialist study
Specialist study of tumor
25.
Ophthalmoscope
Ophthalm (R)= eyes
O(V)
scope (S)= process of viewing
Process of viewing eyes
26.
psychosis
psych(R)= mind
O(V)
sis (S)= abnormal condition
Abnormal condition of mind
27.
rhinitis
rhin(R)= nose
28. Thrombocyte
Thrmb(R)= clothing
itis(S)=inflammation
Inflammation of nose
O(V)
cyte (S)= cell
Cell for clothing
28.
arthralagia
artha (R)= joint
alagia (S)= pain in
Pain in joint
29.
hyperthyroidisim
hyper(P)= excessive
thyroid (r)= thyroid gland
condition
isim(S)=
Condition of excessive oh thyroid gland
30.
dermatosis
dermat(R)= skin
O(V)
sis (S)=abnormal condition
Abnormal condition of skin
31.
hypodermic
hypo(P)= below
derm(R)=skin
ic(S)= pertaining to
Pertaining to below skin
32.
cardiology
cardi(R)= heart
O(V)
logy(S)= study
Study of heart
33.
pericarditis
peri (P)=around
cardi(R)= heart itis(S)= inflammation
Inflammation around the heart
34.
neuroplasty
neuro(R)= nerve
plasty(S)= surgical repair
Surgical repair of nerve
35.
leukocyte
leuk(P)= white
O (V)
cyte(R)= cell
White cell
Structural organization of the body
Atom
system
Molecules
Organism
Organelles
Organs
Tissues
Cell
Level of organization
A. cell
The cell is the fundamental unit of all living things. Cells are everywhere
in the human body- every tissue. Every organ is made up of these
individual.
Major parts of the cell:
1. cell membrance
2. nucleus
3. chromosomes
4. cytoplasm
5. mitochondria
Type of cell:
1. Muscle cell
2. nerve cell
3. epithelial cell
4. fat cell
B. tissues
A tissue is a group of cell working together to do a specific job. A
histologist is scientist who specializes in the study of tissues.
Type of tissue:
1. Epithelial tissue
Epithelial was originally used to describe the tissue that covers the
outside of the body and lines the inner surface of internal organs.
2. Muscle tissue:
Voluntary and involuntary.
3. Connective tissue:
Example: are fat (adipose tissue), cartilage (elastic, fibrous tissue attached
to bone).
4. nerve tissue:
Conduct impulses all over the body.
C. Organs:
Composed of several kinds of tissue.
D. System:
Systems are groups of organs working together to perform complex
function.
Body cavity
A body cavity is a space within the body that contains internal organs.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
Cranial cavity
Spinal cavity
Dorsal cavity
Thoracic cavity
Diaphragm
Abdominal cavity
Pelvic cavity
Abdominal pelvic cavity
Ventral cavity
Division of the abdomen into quadrants:
a) Right upper quadrants (R.U.Q)
b) Left upper quadrants(L.U.Q)
c) Right lower quadrants(R.L.Q)
d) Left lower quadrants(L.L.Q)
Region of the thorax and abdomen:
 Right hypo-chondriac region
 Left hypo-chondriac region
 Epigastric region
 Right limber region
 Left lumber region
 Umbilical region
 Right iliac region
 Left iliac region
 Hypogastric region
Division of the back (spinal column)
1. cervical vertebre
2. thoracic vertebre
3. lumber vertebre
4. sacrum
5. coccyx
Positional and directional terms planes of the body
The skeletal system
The major structure
1.
bones --------- oss/e, oss/i, oster/o, ost/o
2.
bone marrow --------- myel/o
3.
cartilage --------- chondr/o
4.
ligaments--------- ligament/o
5.
joints --------arthr/o
Function of the skeletal system
1. bones act as the frame work of the body
2. bones support and protect the internal organs
3. calcium is stored in bone
4. red bone marrow is located in the spongy bone ,has an important
function in the formation of blood
There are 206 bones in the adult human body, the skeleton is divided into axial and
appendicular skeletal systems.
1.
axial skeleton
The axial skeleton (80 bones) protects the major organs of the nervous , respiratory.
And circulatory systems. The axial skeleton consists of the skull, spinal column, ribs
and sternum.
2.
appendicular skeleton
The appendicular skeleton (126 bones)makes body movement possible and also
protects the organs of digestive, excretion, and reproductive.
Thoracic cavity is made up of the ribs, sternum ,and thoracic vertebrae.
3. Ribs
-There are 12 pairs of ribs, called costal.
-The first 7 pairs of ribs, called true ribs. Are attached anteriorly to the
sternum
-The next 3 pairs of ribs, called false ribs, are attached anteriorly to
cartilage that joins with the sternum.
-The last 2 pairs of ribs called floating ribs, are not attached anteriorly.
4. Sternum
It is divided into three parts:
1) The Manubrium
2) The body of the sternum
3) The xiphoid process
Spinal column:
The spinal column is also known as the vertebral column which
consists of 26 vertebrae. The function of the spinal column are to
support the head and to protect the spinal cord.
The term related to skeletal system:
Pain in the joint
Arthalgia
Is a stiffness of joint
Arthrosclerosis
Is an inflammation of one or
Arthritis
more joint
Is low back pain
Lumbago
Is an abnormal increase on the
kyphosis
out ward curvature of the thoracic
is an abnormal increase in the
Lardosis
forward curvature of the lower or
lumber spine
Is an abnormal lateral curvature
Scoliosis
of spine
Is any pain within the bone
Ostealgia
Is the abnormal softening
Osteomalacia
Is an inflammation of the bone
osteomylitis
and bone marrow
Is an a surgical puncture of the
Arthrocentesis
joint
Is the visual examination of the
arthroscopy
joint
The muscular system
Major structures
1. muscles ------- my/o, myos/o
2. fascia -------- fasci/o
3. tendons ------- ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
Function of the muscular system
Muscles hold the body erect and make movement possible.
Muscle movement generates nearly 85% of the heat that
keep the body warm.
Muscles move food through the digestive system muscle
action moves fluids through ducts and tubes.
The structures of the muscular system:
The body has more than 60 muscle made up of fibers. Covered with
1. fibers muscle
The muscle is composed of long, slender cell known as muscle fiber.
Each muscle consists of group of fibers held together by connective
tissue.
2. skeletal muscles
Skeletal muscles are attached to the bones of skeleton and are the muscle
that makes possible body motion such as walking and smiling. Skeleton
muscle is also known as striated muscles. Skeleton muscles are also
known as voluntary muscle.
3. smooth muscles
Smooth muscles are located in the walls of internal organs such as the
digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands. Their
function is to move and control the flow of fluids through these
structures. Smooth muscles are also known as unstriated muscles. Smooth
muscle is also known as involuntary muscle.
4. cardiac muscle
Cardiac muscle also known myocardial muscle:
myo mean muscle
cardi mean heart al mean pertaining to
The muscle is also known as myocardium:
myo mean muscle card mean heart
ium mean tissue
Cardiac muscle is like striated muscle in its appearance, but like smooth
muscle in its action.
5. fascia
Fascia is the sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue that covers,
supports, and separates muscles.
Medical specialties to the muscular system
An orthopedic surgeon treats injuries and disorders involving bones,
joint, muscle.
A rheumatologist treats disorders that involve the inflammation of
connective tissue including muscle.
A neurologist treats the cause of paralysis and similar muscular
disorders in which there is a loss of function.
A specialist in sports medicine treat sports- related injuries of the bones,
joints and muscle.
Rang of motion
Term related to muscle
term
Fascitis
Tenalgia
tendonitis
Muscle atrophy
Myalgia
Myolysis
Myomalacia
Myosclerosis
A spasm
Brady kinesis
Dyskinesia
Hyperkinesias
Paralysis
paraplegia
Quadriplegia
Hemiplgia
Meaning
Inflammation of fascia
Pain in tendon
Inflammation of tendons
Weakness of muscle tissue
Muscle tenderness
Inflammation of muscle tissue
Abnormal softening of muscle
tissue
Abnormal hardening of muscle
Sudden involuntary contraction of
muscle
Slow in movement
Impairment of voluntary movement
Abnormal increase activity
Loss sensation and voluntary
muscle movements
Paralysis of both legs the lower part
of body
Paralysis of all four extremities
Total paralysis of one side of the
body
The respiratory system
Major structures
 Nose -------- nas/o
 Sinuses ------ sinus/o
 Epiglottis ------ epiglott/o
 Pharynx -------- pharyng/o
 Larynx --------- blaring /o
 Trachea ------- trache/o
 Brocnchi ------- bronch/o, bronchi/o
 Alveoli -------- alveoli/o
 Lungs ------ pneum/o
Functions of the respiratory system:
 Bring oxygen rich air into the body for delivery to the blood cell.
 Expel waste products (carbon dioxide and water).
 Produce the air flow through the larynx that makes speech possible.
Structure of the respiratory system
It is consist of
1) The upper respiratory tract consist of
 Nose which contain
- nasal cavity
- nasal septum
- Mucous membrane (mucus, cilia, olfactory receptors).
 Mouth which contain
- Tooth
- Tongue
- Gum
 Pharynx which contain
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
 epiglottis which contain
- orophaynx and laryngopharynx
- epiglottis
 larynx which contain
- voice box
- larynex
- glottis
-

trachea which contain
windpipe or airway
mucous membrane lining with cilia
smooth muscle with c-shaped cartilage rings
divided into tow branches
no gaseous exchange
2. The lower respiratory tract consist of
- bronchial tree
- lungs
Medical specialties related to the respiratory system
A pulmonologist is a physician who specializes in diagnosis and treating
disease.
A respiratory therapist (RT) provides treatment of breathing problems.
The common terms related to respiratory system
term
Meaning
Asthma
Chronic allergic disorder
characterized by breathing
difficulty coughing and wheezing
Chronic enlargement of bronchi
Bleeding from nose
Whooping cough
Inflammation of sinuses
Inflammation of pharynx
Inflammation of larynx
Inflammation of bronchial wall
Abnormal escape of fluid into the
pleural cavity
Accumulation of blood in the plural
cavity
Spitting of blood
Accumulation of fluid in lung
tissue
Infectious disease caused by
mycobacterium tuberculosis
bronchiectasis
Epistaxis
pertussis
sinusitis
pharyngitis
Laryngitis
bronchitis
Pleural effusion
hemothorax
hemoptisis
Pulmonary edema
tuberculosis
pneumonia
Tachypnea
bradypnea
Apnea
dyspnea
cyanosis
bronchscopy
attached to lung
Inflammation of lungs the air sacs
fill with pus and other liquid
Rapid rate of respiration more than
20 breath per minute
low rate of respiration less than 10
breath per minute
Absence of respiration
Difficult of breathing
Bluish discoloration of skin caused
by lack of oxygen
Visual examination of the bronchi
The cardiovascular system
Major structure
Heart ------- card\o, cardi\o
Arteries ------ arteri\o
Capillaries ------- capill/o
Veins -------- phleb/o, ven/o
Blood ------- hem/o , hemat/o
Function of the cardiovascular system
The term of cardiovascular means pertaining to the heart and blood
vessels. Its function is:
Supply all body tissue with oxygen and nutrients to transport cellular
waste products to the appropriate organs for removal from the body.
Structures of the cardiovascular system
The major structures of the cardiovascular system are the
- heart
- blood vessels
- blood
The pericardium
Is the walled membranous sac that encloses the heart.
The walls of the heart
The walls of the heart are made up of three layers
Epicardium: it is the external layer of the heart also is part of the inner
layer of the pericardium.
Myocardium: it is the middle and thickest of the three layers consist of
cardiac muscle.
Endocardium:It is lining of the heart, from the inner surface of the heart.
The blood vessels:
There are three major types of blood vessels in the body these are the:
1. the arteries
The arteries are the large blood vessels that carry blood away from the
heart to all the body. It is the high oxygen blood
2. the capillaries
Capillaries serve as the anatomic units connecting the arterial and venous
circulatory system.
3. the vein
The vein a low pressure collecting system to return the waste filled blood
to the heart.
Medical specialties related to cardiovascular system
Cardiologist specialties in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, disease
and disorder of the heart.
A hematologist a specializes in diagnosing and treating disease of the
blood.
Diagnostic procedures of the cardiovascular system
Angiocardiograpy
Angio------- means blood vessel
Cardio------ means heart
Grapy------ means the process of recording
Cardiac catheterization (C.C) it is a procedure in which a catheter is
pulled into a vein or artery and is guided into the heart
Electrocardiogram (E.C.G) or (E.K.G) is a record of the electrical
activity of the myocardium
Medical terms related to the cardiovascular system
1. Defibrillation: is the use of electrical shock to restore the heart
normal. Rhythm this can be performed extremely as an emergency
procedure or a device may be implanted to control severe
arrhythmias
2. A pacemaker: is an electronic device that may be attached
externally or implanted under the skin, with connections leading
into the heart to regulate the heart beat. Pacemaker is used as
treatment for bradycardia or arterial fibrillation.
3. An atherosclerosis: is hardening and narrowing of the arteries.
4. Ischemic heart disease (I.H.D.) means insufficient supply of
oxygenated blood to heart.
5. angina pectoris: is a sever episode of is a clinical syndrome
characterized by paroxysms of pain spasmodic or feeling of
pressure in the anterior chest
Other terms
Terms
carditis
Pericarditis
Myocarditis
Endocarditis
Meaning
Inflammation of the heart
Inflammation of the pericardium
Inflammation of the myocardium
Inflammation of inner layer of the
heart
The endocrine system
Major structures
Adrenal glands-----adren/o
Gonads ----gonad/o
Pancreatic islets---- pancreat/o
Paratheroid glands ----paratheroid/o
Pineal gland ----- pinal/o
Pituitary gland ---- pituit/o, pituitary/o.
Thymus ---- thym/o
Thyroid---- thyr/o, thyroid/o
The function of the endocrine system
1. regular electrolyte level, influence metabolism, and respond to stress .(adrenal
gland)
2. regulate development and maintenance of secondary sex chatacteristics .(
gonad gland)
3. Control blood sugar levels and glucose metabolism. (pancreatic gland)
4. Regulate calcium level through the body. (parathyroid gland)
5. Influence the sleep- wakefulness cycle. (pineal gland)
6. control the activity of the other endocrine glands.(pituitary gland)
7. plays a major role in the immune reaction ( thymus gland)
8. Stimulate metabolism growth and activity of the nervous system. (thyroid
gland)
The structures of the endocrine system
1. One pituitary gland (two lobs).
2. one thyroid gland
3. four parathyroid glands
4. two adrenal gland
5. one pancreas
6. one pineal gland
7. two gonads (ovaries in females, testes in males)
Medical specialties related to the endocrine system
An endocrinologist: specializes in diagnosis and treating disease and malfunctions of
the glands of endocrine system
Diagnosis procedures related to the endocrine system
Urine and blood testing: are used to measure endocrine hormone level.
Medical terminology related to endocrine system
term
Hyperpituitarism
Hypopituitarism
Hyperthyroid
Meaning
Excessive secretion by the anterior lob of
pituitary gland
Reduce secretion by the anterior lobe of
the pituitary gland
Excessive thyroid hormone in the blood
goiter
hypothyroidism
Parathyroid gland
hypocalcaemia
hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia
parathyroidectomy
adrenalitis
Diabetic ketoacidosis (D.K.A)
thymitis
Thymectomy
pinealopathy
pinealectomy
Hypergonadism
Hypogonadism
Abnormal enlargement of the thyroid
gland
Deficiency of thyroid secretion
Insufficient or absence secretion of
parathyroid gland
Abnormall low level of calcium in the
blood
Over production of the parathyroid gland
Abnormal high concentration of calcium
in the blood
Surgical removal of one or more of the
parathyroid glands
Inflammation of the adrenal gland
Sever insulin deficiency
Inflammation of the thymus gland
Surgical removal of the thymus gland
Disorder of the pineal gland
Surgical removal of the pineal body
Excessive secretion of hormones by the
sex glands
Deficient secretion of hormonal by the
sex glands
Nervous system
Coordinates many activity of the body.
- senses changes in internal and external environment
- interprets these changes
When the brain ceases functioning, the body dies.
Structures
Nerve is one or more bundles of impulse carrying fibers that connect the brain and
spinal cord with body.
1.
neuron divided into:
A. Central nervous system (brain and spinal cord).
B. Peripheral nervous system (cranial nerves and spinal nerves)
C. Atomic nervous system (ganglia on either side of the spinal cord).
2.
neuralgia
3.
brains divided into:
- cerebrum
- cerebellum
- diencephalons
- brainstem
Medical terms related to nervous system
- facial paralysis
- epilepsies and convulsion
- arteriosclerosis
- cerebrovascular accident (C.V.A, T.I .A.) hemi paresis, hemiplegia, aphasia)
- Parkinson's disease
- multiple sclerosis
- Alzheimer disease
- intra cranial tumors
- tremors
Diagnosis procedure
1. cerebral angiography
2. echoencephalography(C.C.G)
3. myelography
4. computed tomography (C.T scan)
Surgical therapeutic procedure
1. cryosurgery
2. spinal puncture, spinal tap
3. vagotony
Some abbreviations
- EEG: electro encephalon gram
- LP:
- Lumber puncture
- MS: multiple sclerosis
- CNS: Central nervous system
-
CVA: cerebra vascular accident
ICP: intra cranial pressure
MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging
ANS: autonomic nervous system
CP: Cerebral palsy
CT Scan: computed tomography
TIA: transient ischemic attack
Female reproductive system
The structures of female reproductive system are:
1. ovaries
- Tow almond shaped organs on either side of the uterus.
- Contain hundreds of thousand of ova.
- All ova are present at birth
- Each ovum is surrounded by a single layer of cells comprising a follicle.
- Ova are the female gametes
2. fallopian tubes
- oviducts, uterine tubes : salping/o
- extend laterally from each side of the uterus supported by the broad ligament
- outer ends of the tube are open to receive released ovum
- fertilization occurs in the fallopian tubes
3. uterus:
- pear shaped organ with very strong, smooth muscle walls with a mucosal
membrane lining called the endometrium
- hyster/o, metr/o, uter/o
- endometrium responsive to hormonal changes
- ante flexion (normal position)
- cervix
4.
-
vagina
Tubular structure extending backward and upward to the cervix.
Lined with mucosa
Colp/o and vagin
Sexually transmitted disease
- gonorrhea
- oophortitis
- dysuria
- cystitis
- salpingitis
Diagnostic procedures
- endo vaginal ultrasound
- amniocentesis
- electronic fetal monitor
- hysterosalpinggram
- papanicolaou test
- pelvimetry
- colpscopy
- laparoscopy
Disease elated to female reproductive system
- dysmenorrheal , metrorrhagia
- premenstrual syndrome
- endometriosis
- pelvic infection
- vaginal infection
Terms related to reproductive system
- urethritis
terms
Menstruation
Labor
Meaning
Menstrual phase, lacteal phase
Stage of dilation
Pregnancy
Child birth
Menopause
postpartum
Gestation, parturition
Ante partum, post partum
Amenorrhea
Natal, lactation
Blood lymph and immune systems
Functions of immune system
1. to protect the entire body from a varity of harmful substances
– pathognic microorganism
– allergens
– toxin
– malignant
Function of lymph system (lymph/o)
- Drain fluid from tissue spaces and return to the blood.
- Transport material (nutrient, hormones, and oxygen) to body cell.
- Carry away waste products to the blood.
- Transport lipids away from digestive system
- Control infection
Medical term related to blood lymph and immune system
term
Meaning
RBC
Erythrocytes
WBC
Leukocyte
Platelets
Thrombocyte
Leuko
White
Erthro
Red
Cyte
Cell
Hemoglobin
Blood
Reticulocyte
Immature erythrocyte
thrombocyte
Made in bone marrow essential to
blood coagulation