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Medical Terminology Root Words component ARTHRO BLAST BRACHIO BRONCH CARCIN CARDIO CEPHALO COLO CRANIO CYTO DERMA HEMO HEPA HIST HYSTER LEUK MAMMO MYO NEPHRO NEURO ONCO OSTEO PED PHLEB RENAL SARCO TOXO meaning joints germ, immature cell arms lungs, bronchial cancer heart head intestines skull cell skin blood liver tissue uterus white breast muscle kidney nerves mass / tumor bone / bony tissue child vein kidneys tissue poison example arthritis = inflammation of joints blastoma = a cancer made of immature cells brachial plexus bronchitis = swelling of the bronchial tubes carcinogenic = cancer causing cardiotoxicity = toxicity to the heart cephalic = relating to the head colostomy = incision into intestines craniotomy = cutting into the skull cytotoxic = toxic to the cell dermatitis = inflammation of the skin hemorrhage, hemoglobin, hemorrhoid hepatitis = liver inflammation histology = study of tissue hysterectomy = removal of uterus leukemia = white blood cell mammogram = breast image myopathy = disease of the muscle nephrotoxic = harmful to the kidneys neurob1ast = an immature nerve cell oncology = the study of cancer osteosarcoma = bone cancer pediatric oncology = study of childhood cancer phlebotomy = incision into a vein adrenal = next to the kidneys sarcoma = tumor of bone, muscle, or connective tissue toxicology = study of poisons meaning condition of blood excision / removal inflammation study / science of tumor incision disease disease / condition example anemia = without hemoglobin nephrectomy = excision of a kidney hepatitis = inflammation of the liver cytology = the study of cells retinoblastoma = tumor of the eye craniotomy = incision into skull neuropathy = disease of the nervous system necrosis = dying cells Suffixes component -EMIA -ECTOMY -ITIS -OLOGY -OMA -OTOMY -PATHY -OSIS Prefixes component AN-, AABADBIDYSECTOENDOEPIGLUCOGLYCHYPERHYPOINTERINTRAINFRAPARAPERIPREPOSTSCLEROSUBSUPRASYN- meaning without / lack of away from near / toward two / both difficult / not outside inside upon glucose sugar excessive / above beneath / below between within / inside beside, about, near around before after hardening / stiffening under / below above together with example anemia = lack of red blood cells abnormal = away from the normal adrenal gland = gland near to the kidney bilateral = both sides dysfunction = not working properly ectopic pregnancy = outside the uterine cavity endoscope = an instrument to look inside the body cavities or organs epidermis = the outer layer of skin glucocorticoid = hormone regulating glucose metabolism hyperglycemia = excessive blood sugar levels hyperglycemia = excessive blood sugar levels hypodermic = injection below the skin intercostal = between the ribs intravenous = into a vein infraspinatus = within the spines of the scapula parathyroid = beside the thyroid gland pericardium = membrane around the heart prenatal = before birth post surgical stage = stage after surgery scleroderma = hardening of the skin submucosa = tissue below mucus membrane supraspinatus = muscle above the spine (of scapula) syndrome = group of symptoms occurring together
